Editing Adelaide (section)

===Geology===
Adelaide and its surrounding area is one of the most seismically active regions in Australia. On 1 March 1954 at 3:40&nbsp;am Adelaide experienced its largest recorded earthquake to date, with the epicentre 12&nbsp;km from the city centre at [[Darlington, South Australia|Darlington]], and a reported magnitude of 5.6.<ref>C. Kerr-Grant (1955): ''The Adelaide Earthquake of 1 March 1954'' (PDF). South Australian Museum, 10 November 1955. Retrieved 5 April 2009.</ref><ref>''Adelaide, SA: Earthquake''. EMA Disasters Database. Emergency Management Australia, 13 September 2006. Retrieved 5 April 2009.</ref> There have been smaller earthquakes in 2010,<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-04-17/adelaide-hit-by-earth-tremor/399538 Adelaide hit by earth tremor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811220012/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-04-17/adelaide-hit-by-earth-tremor/399538 |date=11 August 2018 }} ''ABC News'', 17 April 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2018.</ref> 2011,<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-10-19/earthquake-adelaide-upper-sturt/3578192 Shallow earthquake jolts Adelaide awake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426190649/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-10-19/earthquake-adelaide-upper-sturt/3578192 |date=26 April 2017 }} ''ABC News'', 20 October 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2018.</ref> 2014,<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-06/earth-tremor-shakes-adelaide/5185964 Adelaide shaken by earth tremor which sounded like 'jet taking off'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423133944/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-06/earth-tremor-shakes-adelaide/5185964 |date=23 April 2019 }} ''ABC News'', 6 January 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2018.</ref> 2017,<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-10/second-tremor-in-less-than-two-weeks-shakes-adelaide/8259468 Tremor shakes Adelaide nine days after larger earthquake in city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417200511/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-10/second-tremor-in-less-than-two-weeks-shakes-adelaide/8259468 |date=17 April 2018 }} ''ABC News'', 10 February 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2018.</ref> 2018<ref>[http://abc.net.au/news/2018-08-08/earthquake-shakes-adelaide-hills/10091262 Earthquake near Mannum felt across Adelaide suburbs and hills rumbled 'like a train'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809111153/http://abc.net.au/news/2018-08-08/earthquake-shakes-adelaide-hills/10091262 |date=9 August 2018 }} ''ABC News'', 9 August 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2019.</ref> and 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-06/adelaide-earthquake-tremor-mt-barker/100886238|title=Earthquake rattles Adelaide but no reports of damage|work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC News]]|date=6 March 2022|access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref>

The uplands of the [[Adelaide Hills]], part of the southern [[Mount Lofty Ranges]] to the east of Adelaide, are defined on their western side by a number of arcuate faults (the Para, Eden, Clarendon and Willunga Faults), and consist of rocks such as [[siltstone]], [[Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]] and [[quartzite]], dating from the [[Neoproterozoic]] to the middle [[Cambrian]], laid down in the Adelaide Rift Complex, the oldest part of the [[Adelaide Superbasin]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Veevers|first1=J. J.|last2=Walter|first2=M. R.|last3=Scheibner|first3=E.|date=1997|title=Neoproterozoic Tectonics of Australia-Antarctica and Laurentia and the 560 Ma Birth of the Pacific Ocean Reflect the 400 M.Y. Pangean Supercycle|journal=The Journal of Geology|language=en|volume=105|issue=2|pages=225–242|doi=10.1086/515914|bibcode=1997JG....105..225V|s2cid=140652348|issn=0022-1376}}</ref>

Most of the Adelaide metropolitan area lies in the downthrown St Vincent Basin and its embayments, including the [[Adelaide Plains]] Sub-basin, and the Golden Grove, Noarlunga and Willunga Embayments. These basins contain deposits of [[Tertiary]] marine and non-marine sands and limestones, which form important aquifers.<ref>Lindsay J.M.  & Alley, N.F. (1995): St Vincent Basin. In: Drexel, J.F. & Preiss, W.V. (Eds.) ''The geology of South Australia. Vol.2, The Phanerozoic.'' pp. 163–171. South Australia Geological Survey, Bulletin 54. {{ISBN|0 7308 0621 9}}</ref> These deposits are overlain by [[Quaternary]] [[alluvial fan]]s and [[Foothills|piedmont]] slope deposits, derived from erosion of the uplands, consisting of sands, clays and gravels,<ref>Callan, R.A., Sheard, M.J., Benbow, M.C.  & Belperio, A.P. (1995): Alluvial fans and piedmont slope deposits. In: Drexel, J.F. & Preiss, W.V. (Eds.) ''The geology of South Australia. Vol.2, The Phanerozoic.'' pp. 241–242. South Australia Geological Survey, Bulletin 54. {{ISBN|0 7308 0621 9}}</ref> interfingering to the west with [[Marine transgression|transgressive]] [[Pleistocene]] to [[Holocene]] marine sands and coastal sediments of the shoreline of Gulf St Vincent.<ref>Belperio, A.P. (1995): Coastal and marine sequences. In: Drexel, J.F. & Preiss, W.V. (Eds.) ''The geology of South Australia. Vol.2, The Phanerozoic.'' pp. 220–240. South Australia Geological Survey, Bulletin 54. {{ISBN|0 7308 0621 9}}</ref>