Editing AMD (section)

=== CPUs and APUs ===
{{See also|List of AMD processors}}

{{Gallery
| title = AMD microprocessors
| width = 95
| height = 95
| align = center
| footer =
| File:KL AMD 2901.jpg
| alt1=
| [[Am2900]] series (1975)
| File:AMD Am29000-16GC.jpg
| alt2=
| [[AMD 29000]] series (1987–1995)
| File:Am386DX-40.jpg
| alt3=
| [[Am386]] Amx86 series (1991–1995)
| File:AMD K5 PR166 Front.jpg
| alt4=
| [[AMD K5|K5 architecture]] (1996)
| File:Ic-photo-AMD--AMD-K6-166ALR-(K6-CPU).png
| alt5=
| [[AMD K6|K6 architecture]] (1997–2001)
|
| alt6=
| [[AMD K7|K7 architecture]] [[Athlon]] (1999–2005)
|
| alt7=
| [[AMD K8|K8 series]] K8 core architecture (2003–2014)
|
| alt8=
| [[AMD K10|K10 series CPUs]] (2007–2013)
| File:Bulldozer 640.jpg
| alt9=
| [[Bulldozer (microarchitecture)|Bulldozer Series CPUs]] Bulldozer, Piledriver, Steamroller, Excavator (2011–2017)
| File:AMD CMC60.jpg
| alt10=
| [[Bobcat (microarchitecture)|Bobcat series APUs]] Bobcat, Jaguar, Puma (2011–present)
| File:Ryzen 5 1600 CPU on a motherboard.jpg
| alt11=
| [[Zen (first generation)|Zen]] core architecture (2017)
| File:Amd epyc 7302 top side with carrier IMGP3323 smial wp.jpg
| alt12=
| [[Zen 2]] series (released 2019)
| File:AMD Ryzen 7 5800X 19339.jpg
| alt13=
| [[Zen 3]] series (released 2020)
| File:AMD Ryzen 9 7900X.jpg
| alt14=
| [[Zen 4]] series (released 2022)
| File:AMD@4nmCCD(6nmIOD)@Zen5@Granite Ridge@Ryzen 5 9600X@100-000001405 BY 2429SUY 9AEQ579S40073 DSCx01.jpg
| alt15=
| [[Zen 5]] series (released 2024)
}}

==== IBM PC and the x86 architecture ====
{{Main|Am286|Am386|Am486|Am5x86}}

In February 1982, AMD signed a contract with [[Intel]], becoming a licensed second-source manufacturer of [[Intel 8086|8086]] and [[Intel 8088|8088]] processors. [[IBM]] wanted to use the Intel 8088 in its [[IBM Personal Computer|IBM PC]], but its policy at the time was to require at least two sources for its chips. AMD later produced the [[Am286]] under the same arrangement. In 1984, Intel internally decided to no longer cooperate with AMD in supplying product information to shore up its advantage in the marketplace, and delayed and eventually refused to convey the technical details of the [[Intel 80386]].<ref>Ruiz, p. 86–87.</ref> In 1987, AMD invoked arbitration over the issue, and Intel reacted by canceling the 1982 technological-exchange agreement altogether.<ref>Rodengen, p. 102.</ref><ref>Ruiz, p. 87.</ref> After three years of testimony, AMD eventually won in arbitration in 1992, but Intel disputed this decision. Another long legal dispute followed, ending in 1994 when the [[Supreme Court of California]] sided with the arbitrator and AMD.<ref>{{cite web |last=Greg Tang |date=February 13, 2011 |title=Intel and the x86 Architecture: A Legal Perspective |url=http://jolt.law.harvard.edu/digest/patent/intel-and-the-x86-architecture-a-legal-perspective-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607113904/http://jolt.law.harvard.edu/digest/patent/intel-and-the-x86-architecture-a-legal-perspective-2 |archive-date=June 7, 2011 |publisher=[[JOLT Digest]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp. (1994) |url=http://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/4th/9/362.html |access-date=August 6, 2015 |website=Justia Law}}</ref>

In 1990, Intel countersued AMD, renegotiating AMD's right to use derivatives of Intel's [[microcode]] for its cloned processors.<ref>Rodengen, p. 116.</ref> In the face of uncertainty during the legal dispute, AMD was forced to develop [[clean room design]]ed versions of Intel code for its x386 and x486 processors, the former long after Intel had released its own x386 in 1985.<ref>Rodengen, pp. 116–199.</ref> In March 1991, AMD released the [[Am386]], its clone of the Intel 386 processor.<ref name=HittC26 /> By October of the same year it had sold one million units.<ref name=HittC26 />

In 1993, AMD introduced the first of the [[Am486]] family of processors,<ref name=history /> which proved popular with a large number of [[original equipment manufacturer]]s, including [[Compaq]], which signed an exclusive agreement using the Am486.<ref name=directory /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hitt |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JaQFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT499 |title=Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases |last2=Duane Ireland |first2=R. |last3=Hoskisson |first3=Robert |date=March 2, 2006 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=9781111796372 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=cpu-collection.de >> AMD >> 486 DX |url=http://www.cpu-collection.de/?l0=co&l1=AMD&l2=486%20DX |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref> The [[Am5x86]], another Am486-based processor, was released in November 1995, and continued AMD's success as a fast, cost-effective processor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mueller |first=Scott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eV1_LjW3pTkC&pg=PA132 |title=Upgrading and Repairing PCs |year=2003 |publisher=Que |isbn=9780789727459 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=November 6, 1995 |title=InfoWorld |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44-IA4 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref>

Finally, in an agreement effective 1996, AMD received the rights to the microcode in Intel's x386 and x486 processor families, but not the rights to the microcode in the following generations of processors.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lennon |first=Michael J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3MLYUjRWisC&pg=SA4-PA36 |title=Drafting Technology Patent License Agreements |date=January 1, 2007 |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |isbn=978-0-7355-6748-1 |pages=4-36–4-38 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=January 8, 1996 |title=InfoWorld |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zz4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref>

==== {{anchor|K5|K6|Athlon|Duron|Sempron}}K5, K6, Athlon, Duron, and Sempron ====
{{Main|AMD K5|AMD K6|Athlon|Duron|Sempron}}

AMD's first in-house x86 processor was the [[AMD K5|K5]], launched in 1996.<ref name="CPU-INFO K5">{{cite web |title=AMD K5 |url=http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=html/cpu/amdk5.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818021000/http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=html%2Fcpu%2Famdk5.php |archive-date=August 18, 2007 |access-date=July 11, 2007 |publisher=CPU-INFO.COM}}</ref> The "K" in its name was a reference to [[Kryptonite]], the only substance known to harm comic book character [[Superman]]. This itself was a reference to Intel's hegemony over the market, i.e., an anthropomorphization of them as Superman.<ref name="Forbes-Chip-Names">{{Cite news |last=Hesseldahl |first=Arik |date=July 6, 2000 |title=Why Cool Chip Code Names Die |work=Forbes Inc |url=https://www.forbes.com/2000/07/06/mu2.html |access-date=July 14, 2007}}</ref> The number "5" was a reference to the fifth generation of x86 processors; rival Intel had previously introduced its line of fifth-generation x86 processors as [[Pentium]] because the U.S. Trademark and Patent Office had ruled that mere numbers could not be trademarked.<ref name="newyorker">{{Cite news |last=Colapinto |first=John|author-link=John Colapinto |date=October 3, 2011 |title=Famous names |pages=38–43 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/10/03/111003fa_fact_colapinto |access-date=October 12, 2011}}</ref>

In 1996, AMD purchased [[NexGen]], specifically for the rights to their Nx series of x86-compatible processors. AMD gave the NexGen design team their own building, left them alone, and gave them time and money to rework the Nx686. The result was the [[AMD K6|K6]] processor, introduced in 1997. Although it was based on [[Socket 7]], variants such as [[K6-III]]/450 were faster than Intel's [[Pentium II]] (sixth-generation processor).

The K7 was AMD's seventh-generation x86 processor, making its debut under the brand name [[Athlon]] on June 23, 1999. Unlike previous AMD processors, it could not be used on the same motherboards as Intel's, due to licensing issues surrounding Intel's [[Slot 1]] connector, and instead used a [[Slot A]] connector, referenced to the [[DEC Alpha|Alpha]] processor bus. The [[Duron]] was a lower-cost and limited version of the Athlon (64&nbsp;KB instead of 256&nbsp;KB L2 cache) in a 462-pin [[CPU socket|socketed]] [[Pin grid array|PGA]] (socket A) or soldered directly onto the motherboard. [[Sempron]] was released as a lower-cost Athlon XP, replacing Duron in the [[socket A]] PGA era. It has since been migrated upward to all new sockets, up to [[AM3]].

On October 9, 2001, the [[Athlon XP]] was released. On February 10, 2003, the Athlon XP with 512&nbsp;KB L2 Cache was released.<ref name="The AMD Athlon XP Processor with 512 KB L2 Cache">{{Cite news |last=Huynh |first=Jack |date=February 10, 2003 |title=The AMD Athlon XP Processor with 512KB L2 Cache |work=amd.com |publisher=AMD |url=https://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/26485A_AthlXPwp_2-20.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=October 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026182602/http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/26485A_AthlXPwp_2-20.pdf |archive-date=October 26, 2007}}</ref>

==== Athlon 64, Opteron, and Phenom ====
{{Main|Athlon 64|Opteron|AMD Phenom|l3=Phenom}}
The K8 was a major revision of the K7 architecture, with the most notable features being the addition of a [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] extension to the x86 instruction set (called [[x86-64]], AMD64, or x64), the incorporation of an on-chip memory controller, and the implementation of an extremely high-performance point-to-point interconnect called [[HyperTransport]], as part of the [[Direct Connect Architecture]]. The technology was initially launched as the [[Opteron]] server-oriented processor on April 22, 2003.<ref>Scott Wasson. "[http://www.techreport.com/reviews/2003q3/workstation/index.x?pg=1 Workstation platforms compared] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127144618/http://techreport.com/reviews/2003q3/workstation/index.x?pg=1 |date=November 27, 2006 }}", ''techreport.com'', The Tech Report, LLC., September 15, 2003. Retrieved July 29, 2007.</ref> Shortly thereafter, it was incorporated into a product for desktop PCs, branded [[Athlon 64]].<ref>Scott Wasson. "[http://www.techreport.com/reviews/2003q3/athlon64/index.x?pg=1 AMD's Athlon 64 processor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127141205/http://techreport.com/reviews/2003q3/athlon64/index.x?pg=1 |date=November 27, 2006 }}", ''techreport.com'', The Tech Report, LLC., September 23, 2003. Retrieved July 29, 2007.</ref>

On April 21, 2005, AMD released the first [[multi-core processor|dual-core]] [[Opteron]], an x86-based server CPU.<ref>Scott Wasson. "[http://www.techreport.com/reviews/2005q2/opteron-x75/index.x?pg=1 AMD's dual-core Opteron processors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702163921/http://techreport.com/reviews/2005q2/opteron-x75/index.x?pg=1 |date=July 2, 2007 }}", ''techreport.com'', The Tech Report, LLC., April 21, 2005. Retrieved July 29, 2007.</ref> A month later, it released the [[Athlon 64 X2]], the first desktop-based [[multi-core (computing)|dual-core processor]] family.<ref>Scott Wasson. "[http://www.techreport.com/reviews/2005q2/athlon64-x2/index.x?pg=1 AMD's Athlon 64 X2 processors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708074121/http://techreport.com/reviews/2005q2/athlon64-x2/index.x?pg=1 |date=July 8, 2007 }}", ''techreport.com'', The Tech Report, LLC., May 9, 2005. Retrieved July 29, 2007.</ref> In May 2007, AMD abandoned the string "64" in its dual-core desktop product branding, becoming Athlon X2, downplaying the significance of [[x86-64|64-bit computing]] in its processors. Further updates involved improvements to the microarchitecture, and a shift of the target market from mainstream desktop systems to value dual-core desktop systems. In 2008, AMD started to release dual-core Sempron processors exclusively in China, branded as the Sempron 2000 series, with lower HyperTransport speed and smaller L2 cache. AMD completed its dual-core product portfolio for each market segment.

In September 2007, AMD released the first server Opteron [[AMD K10|K10]] processors,<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 13, 2007 |title=AMD to launch two Barcelona-based processors in September |publisher=tgdaily.com |url=http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/33338/139/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016184512/http://tgdaily.com/content/view/33338/139/ |archive-date=October 16, 2007}}</ref> followed in November by the [[AMD Phenom|Phenom]] processor for desktop. K10 processors came in dual-core, [[Multi-core|triple-core]],<ref>[https://www.amd.com/us-en/Corporate/VirtualPressRoom/0,,51_104_543~120741,00.html AMD announcement]. Retrieved September 17, 2007.</ref> and [[Multi-core|quad-core]] versions, with all cores on a single die. AMD released a new platform codenamed "[[AMD Spider|Spider]]", which used the new Phenom processor, and an R770 GPU and a 790 GX/FX chipset from the [[AMD 700 chipset series]].<ref name="hothardware">{{cite web |last=Marco Chiappetta |date=November 19, 2007 |title=AMD Spider Platform – Phenom, 790FX, RV670 |url=http://www.hothardware.com/Articles/AMD_Spider_Platform__Phenom_790FX_RV670/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415171225/http://hothardware.com/Articles/AMD%5FSpider%5FPlatform%5F%5FPhenom%5F790FX%5FRV670/ |archive-date=April 15, 2012 |access-date=July 11, 2017 |publisher=HotHardware}}</ref> However, AMD built the Spider at [[65nm]], which was uncompetitive with Intel's smaller and more power-efficient [[45nm]].

In January 2009, AMD released a new processor line dubbed [[Phenom II]], a refresh of the original [[AMD Phenom|Phenom]] built using the 45&nbsp;nm process.<ref name="anandtech3512">{{Citation |last=Shimpi |first=Anand Lal |title=The Phenom II X4 810 & X3 720: AMD Gets DDR3 But Doesn't Need It |date=February 9, 2009 |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/2721 |publisher=AnandTech |access-date=January 23, 2012}}</ref> AMD's new platform, codenamed "[[AMD Dragon|Dragon]]", used the new Phenom II processor, and an [[ATI (brand)|ATI]] R770 GPU from the [[Radeon R700|R700]] GPU family, and a 790 GX/FX chipset from the [[AMD 700 chipset series]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Parrish |first=Kevin |title=AMD Unleashes the Dragon |date=January 8, 2009 |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/AMD-Dragon-Phenom-II,6781.html |work=[[Tom's Hardware]] |access-date=July 6, 2014}}</ref> The Phenom II came in dual-core, triple-core and quad-core variants, all using the same die, with cores disabled for the triple-core and dual-core versions. The Phenom II resolved issues that the original Phenom had, including a low clock speed, a small L3 cache, and a [[Cool'n'Quiet]] bug that decreased performance. The Phenom II cost less but was not performance-competitive with Intel's mid-to-high-range [[Core 2]] Quads. The Phenom II also enhanced its predecessor's memory controller, allowing it to use [[DDR3]] in a new native socket [[AM3]], while maintaining backward compatibility with [[AM2+]], the socket used for the Phenom, and allowing the use of the [[DDR2 SDRAM|DDR2]] memory that was used with the platform.

In April 2010, AMD released a new Phenom II Hexa-core (6-core) processor codenamed "[[Phenom X6|Thuban]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walrath |first=Josh |date=April 27, 2010 |title=AMD Phenom II X6 1090T 6-core Thuban Processor Review |publisher=PC Perspective |url=https://www.pcper.com/reviews/Processors/AMD-Phenom-II-X6-1090T-6-core-Thuban-Processor-Review |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> This was a totally new die based on the hexa-core "Istanbul" [[Opteron]] processor. It included AMD's "turbo core" technology, which allows the processor to automatically switch from 6 cores to 3 faster cores when more pure speed is needed.

The [[List of AMD Opteron microprocessors#Opteron 6100-series "Magny-Cours" (45 nm)|Magny Cours]] and [[List of AMD Opteron microprocessors#Opteron 4100-series "Lisbon" (45 nm)|Lisbon]] server parts were released in 2010.<ref name="Opteron6100Series">{{cite web |date=April 22, 2009 |title=AMD announces 16-core chips |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1051877/amd-announces-core-chips |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506110053/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1051877/amd-announces-core-chips |url-status=unfit |archive-date=May 6, 2009 |access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> The Magny Cours part came in 8 to 12&nbsp;cores and the Lisbon part in 4 and 6&nbsp;core parts. Magny Cours is focused on performance while the Lisbon part is focused on high performance per watt. Magny Cours is an MCM ([[multi-chip module]]) with two hexa-core "Istanbul" [[Opteron]] parts. This will use a new [[socket G34]] for dual and quad-socket processors and thus will be marketed as Opteron 61xx series processors. Lisbon uses [[socket C32]] certified for dual-socket use or single socket use only and thus will be marketed as Opteron 41xx processors. Both will be built on a [[45 nm]] [[Silicon on insulator|SOI]] process.

==== Fusion becomes the AMD APU ====
{{Main|AMD APU|AMD mobile platform}}
Following AMD's 2006 acquisition of Canadian graphics company [[ATI Technologies]], an initiative codenamed ''Fusion'' was announced to integrate a [[CPU]] and [[GPU]] together on some of AMD's microprocessors, including a built in [[PCI Express]] link to accommodate separate PCI Express peripherals, eliminating the [[Northbridge (computing)|northbridge]] chip from the motherboard. The initiative intended to move some of the processing originally done on the CPU (e.g. [[floating-point unit]] operations) to the GPU, which is better optimized for some calculations. The Fusion was later renamed the [[AMD APU]] (Accelerated Processing Unit).<ref name="APU">{{cite web |last=Stokes |first=Jon |date=February 8, 2010 |title=AMD reveals Fusion CPU+GPU, to challenge Intel in laptops |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/news/2010/02/amd-reveals-fusion-cpugpu-to-challege-intel-in-laptops.ars |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210011231/http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2010/02/amd-reveals-fusion-cpugpu-to-challege-intel-in-laptops.ars |archive-date=February 10, 2010 |access-date=February 9, 2010 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref>

Llano was AMD's first APU built for laptops. Llano was the second APU released,<ref name="Hruska">{{cite web |last=Hruska |first=Joel |date=July 16, 2010 |title=AMD Flip-Flops: Llano Later, Bobcat Bounding Forward |url=http://hothardware.com/News/AMD-FlipFlops-Llano-Later-Bobcat-Bounding-Forward/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721024445/http://hothardware.com/News/AMD%2DFlipFlops%2DLlano%2DLater%2DBobcat%2DBounding%2DForward/ |archive-date=July 21, 2010 |access-date=July 17, 2010 |publisher=[[HotHardware]]}}</ref> targeted at the mainstream market.<ref name="APU" /> It incorporated a CPU and GPU on the same die, and northbridge functions, and used "[[Socket FM1]]" with [[DDR3]] memory. The CPU part of the processor was based on the [[Phenom II]] "Deneb" processor. AMD suffered an unexpected decrease in revenue based on production problems for the Llano.<ref>[http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Desktops-and-Notebooks/AMD-Cuts-Q3-Forecast-Due-to-Chip-Manufacturing-Problems-581901/] {{Dead link|date=December 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> More AMD APUs for laptops running Windows 7 and Windows 8 OS are being used commonly. These include AMD's price-point APUs, the E1 and E2, and their mainstream competitors with Intel's [[Core i]]-series: The Vision A- series, the A standing for accelerated. These range from the lower-performance A4 chipset to the A6, A8, and A10. These all incorporate next-generation Radeon graphics cards, with the A4 utilizing the base Radeon HD chip and the rest using a Radeon R4 graphics card, with the exception of the highest-model A10 (A10-7300) which uses an R6 graphics card.

==== New microarchitectures ====
===== High-power, high-performance Bulldozer cores =====
{{Main|Bulldozer (microarchitecture)|l1=Bulldozer microarchitecture|Piledriver (microarchitecture)|l2=Piledriver microarchitecture|Steamroller (microarchitecture)|l3=Steamroller microarchitecture|Excavator (microarchitecture)|l4=Excavator microarchitecture}}
Bulldozer was AMD's microarchitecture codename for server and desktop [[AMD FX]] processors, first released on October 12, 2011. This [[Zen 4|family 15h microarchitecture]] is the successor to the [[AMD 10h|family 10h (K10)]] microarchitecture design. Bulldozer was a clean-sheet design, not a development of earlier processors.<ref>{{Citation |title=Bulldozer 50% Faster than Core i7 and Phenom II |date=January 13, 2011 |url=http://www.techpowerup.com/138328/Bulldozer-50-Faster-than-Core-i7-and-Phenom-II.html |publisher=techPowerUp |access-date=January 23, 2012}}</ref> The core was specifically aimed at 10–125&nbsp;W [[Thermal Design Power|TDP]] computing products. AMD claimed dramatic performance-per-watt efficiency improvements in [[high-performance computing]] (HPC) applications with Bulldozer cores. While hopes were high that Bulldozer would bring AMD to be performance-competitive with Intel once more, most benchmarks were disappointing. In some cases the new Bulldozer products were slower than the K10 models they were built to replace.<ref>{{Citation |title=Analyzing Bulldozer: Why AMD's chip is so disappointing |newspaper=Extremetech |date=October 24, 2011 |url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/100583-analyzing-bulldozers-scaling-single-thread-performance |publisher=extremetech.com |access-date=November 30, 2013|last1=Hruska |first1=Joel }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Lab Tested: AMD's Bulldozer Packs Plenty Of Cores, But Not Enough Power |date=October 12, 2011 |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/241812/lab_tested_amds_bulldozer_packs_plenty_of_cores_but_not_enough_power.html |work=PC World |access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=October 20, 2011 |title=Can AMD survive Bulldozer's disappointing debut? |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/10/can-amd-survive-bulldozers-disappointing-debut/ |access-date=November 30, 2013 |publisher=ars technica}}</ref>

The [[Piledriver (microarchitecture)|Piledriver microarchitecture]] was the 2012 successor to Bulldozer, increasing clock speeds and performance relative to its predecessor.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hruska |first=Joel |title=AMD's FX-8350 analyzed: Does Piledriver deliver where Bulldozer fell short? |url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/138394-amds-fx-8350-analyzed-does-piledriver-deliver-where-bulldozer-fell-short |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=ExtremeTech|date=October 23, 2012 }}</ref> Piledriver would be released in AMD FX, APU, and Opteron product lines.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 15, 2012 |title=AMD launches widely anticipated "Trinity" APU |url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/second-generation-amd-a-series-2012may15.aspx |access-date=January 16, 2014 |website=Press release |publisher=AMD}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=New AMD A-Series Processors Bring Faster Speeds, High Core Count and AMD Radeon HD 7000 Series Graphics to Do-It-Yourself PC Enthusiasts and Gamers |url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/press-release-2012oct2.aspx |access-date=March 22, 2013 |publisher=AMD}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=New AMD FX Line-Up Brings Faster Speeds and Higher Performance Core over Previous Generation to PC Enthusiasts and Gamers |url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/new-amd-fx-line-2012oct23.aspx |access-date=March 22, 2013 |publisher=AMD}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=December 4, 2012 |title=New AMD Opteron 4300 and 3300 Series Processors Deliver Ideal Performance, Power and Price for Cloud Applications |url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/new-amd-opteron-2012dec04.aspx |access-date=January 16, 2014 |website=Press release |publisher=AMD}}</ref> Piledriver was subsequently followed by the [[Steamroller (microarchitecture)|Steamroller microarchitecture]] in 2013. Used exclusively in AMD's APUs, Steamroller focused on greater parallelism.<ref name="anandtech-kaveri-review">{{cite web |date=January 14, 2014 |title=AMD Kaveri Review: A8-7600 and A10-7850K Tested |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7677/amd-kaveri-review-a8-7600-a10-7850k |access-date=February 8, 2014 |publisher=Anandtech.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Su |first=Lisa |date=February 2, 2012 |title=Consumerization, Cloud, Convergence. |url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9MTI1MTM5fENoaWxkSUQ9LTF8VHlwZT0z&t=1 |access-date=February 4, 2012 |website=AMD 2012 Financial Analyst Day |publisher=Advanced Micro Devices |location=Sunnyvale, California |page=26 |format=PDF}}</ref>

In 2015, the [[Excavator (microarchitecture)|Excavator microarchitecture]] replaced Piledriver.<ref name="PCWorld">{{Cite magazine |last=Hachman |first=Mark |date=November 21, 2014 |title=AMD reveals high-end 'Carrizo' APU, the first chip to fully embrace audacious HSA tech |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2850853/amd-reveals-high-end-carrizo-apu-its-first-fully-hsa-compliant-chip.html |magazine=PC World |access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref> Expected to be the last microarchitecture of the Bulldozer series,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bit-tech.net/news/tech/cpus/amd-zen/1/|title=AMD hints at high-performance Zen x86 architecture &#124; bit-tech.net|website=bit-tech.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shilov |first=Anton |date=May 10, 2014 |title=AMD to Introduce New High-Performance Micro-Architecture in 2015 – Report. |url=http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20140510165441_AMD_to_Introduce_New_High_Performance_Micro_Architecture_in_2015_Report.html |url-status=dead |access-date=May 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513224717/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20140510165441_AMD_to_Introduce_New_High_Performance_Micro_Architecture_in_2015_Report.html |archive-date=May 13, 2014}}</ref> Excavator focused on improved power efficiency.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 28, 2012 |title=AMD Explains Advantages of High Density (Thin) Libraries |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Steamroller-High_Density_Libraries-hot-chips-cpu-gpu,17218.html}}</ref>

===== Low-power Cat cores =====
{{Main|Bobcat (microarchitecture)|l1=Bobcat microarchitecture|Jaguar (microarchitecture)|l2=Jaguar microarchitecture|Puma (microarchitecture)|l3=Puma microarchitecture}}
The [[Bobcat (microarchitecture)|Bobcat microarchitecture]] was revealed during a speech from AMD executive vice-president Henri Richard in [[Computex]] 2007 and was put into production during the first quarter of 2011.<ref name="Hruska" /> Based on the difficulty competing in the x86 market with a single core optimized for the 10–100&nbsp;W range, AMD had developed a simpler core with a target range of 1–10&nbsp;watts.<ref>{{cite web |last=Stokes |first=Jon |date=August 26, 2010 |title=AMD's Bobcat mobile architecture will play it straight |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2010/08/amds-bobcat-plays-it-straight/ |access-date=July 11, 2017 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref> In addition, it was believed that the core could migrate into the hand-held space if the power consumption can be reduced to less than 1&nbsp;W.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirsch |first=Nathan |date=August 6, 2007 |title=AMD and Intel Rivalry Moves to Hand-Held Market |publisher=Legit Reviews |url=https://www.legitreviews.com/amd-and-intel-rivalry-moves-to-hand-held-market_3781 |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref>

[[Jaguar (microarchitecture)|Jaguar]] is a microarchitecture codename for Bobcat's successor, released in 2013, that is used in various APUs from AMD aimed at the low-power/low-cost market.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Woligroski |first=Don |date=May 23, 2013 |title=AMD's Kabini: Jaguar And GCN Come Together In A 15 W APU |publisher=Tom's Hardware |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/kabini-a4-5000-review,3518.html |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> Jaguar and its derivates would go on to be used in the custom APUs of the [[PlayStation 4]],<ref>{{cite web |date=November 15, 2013 |title=A Look at Sony's Playstation 4 Core Processor |url=http://www.chipworks.com/en/technical-competitive-analysis/resources/blog/a-look-at-sonys-playstation-4-core-processor/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116053120/http://www.chipworks.com/en/technical-competitive-analysis/resources/blog/a-look-at-sonys-playstation-4-core-processor/ |archive-date=November 16, 2013 |access-date=November 16, 2013 |website=ChipWorks}}</ref><ref name="AMD elaborate">{{Cite news |last=Taylor |first=John |date=February 21, 2013 |title=AMD and The Sony PS4. Allow Me To Elaborate. |url=http://community.amd.com/community/amd-blogs/amd-unprocessed/blog/2013/02/21/amd-and-the-sony-ps4-allow-me-to-elaborate |url-status=dead |access-date=February 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526191443/http://community.amd.com/community/amd-blogs/amd-unprocessed/blog/2013/02/21/amd-and-the-sony-ps4-allow-me-to-elaborate |archive-date=May 26, 2013}}</ref> [[Xbox One]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |date=September 3, 2013 |title=Xbox One gets a CPU speed boost to go with its faster GPU |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2013/09/xbox-one-gets-a-cpu-speed-boost-to-go-with-its-faster-gpu/ |access-date=September 4, 2013 |website=[[Ars Technica]] }}</ref><ref name="JaguarAnandtech">{{cite web |last=Shimpi |first=Anand Lal |author-link=Anand Lal Shimpi |date=May 23, 2013 |title=AMD's Jaguar Architecture: The CPU Powering Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Kabini & Temash |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6976/amds-jaguar-architecture-the-cpu-powering-xbox-one-playstation-4-kabini-temash/4 |access-date=June 24, 2013 |website=[[AnandTech]] |publisher=[[Purch Group]]}}</ref> [[PlayStation 4 Pro]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Walton |first=Mark |date=August 10, 2016 |title=PS4 Neo: Sony confirms PlayStation event for September 7 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/08/sony-ps4-neo-event-details/ |access-date=August 10, 2016 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Walton |first=Mark |date=April 19, 2016 |title=Sony PS4K is codenamed NEO, features upgraded CPU, GPU, RAM—report |url=http://arstechnica.co.uk/gaming/2016/04/ps4k-neo-details-specs-revealed-rumours/ |access-date=August 10, 2016 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref><ref name="Anandtech">{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Ryan |date=September 8, 2016 |title=Analyzing Sony's Playstation 4 Pro Hardware Reveal: What Lies Beneath |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10663/analyzing-sonys-playstation-4-pro-announcement |access-date=September 8, 2016}}</ref> [[Xbox One S]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Machkovech|first=Sam|date=August 2, 2016 |title=Microsoft hid performance boosts for old games in Xbox One S, told no one |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/08/surprise-new-xbox-one-s-gpu-smooths-out-some-older-games/ |access-date=August 2, 2016 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref> and [[Xbox One X]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Ryan |title=Microsoft's Project Scorpio Gets a Launch Date: Xbox One X, $499, November 7th |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/11536/microsofts-project-scorpio-get-a-launch-date-xbox-one-x-499-november-7th|work=Anandtech|date=June 11, 2017|access-date=March 22, 2021}}</ref><ref name="arstechnica.com">{{cite web |title=Xbox One Project Scorpio specs: 12GB GDDR5, 6 teraflops, native 4K at 60FPS |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2017/04/xbox-scorpio-hardware-specs/|work=Ars Technica|last=Walton|first=Mark|date=April 6, 2017|access-date=March 22, 2021}}</ref> Jaguar would be later followed by the [[Puma (microarchitecture)|Puma microarchitecture]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lal Shimpi |first=Anand |date=April 29, 2014 |title=AMD Beema/Mullins Architecture & Performance Preveiw |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7974/amd-beema-mullins-architecture-a10-micro-6700t-performance-preview |access-date=April 17, 2017}}</ref>

===== ARM architecture-based designs =====
In 2012, AMD announced it was working on [[ARM architecture family|ARM]] products, both as a semi-custom product and server product.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shimpi |first=Anand Lal |date=February 2, 2012 |title=AMD is Ambidextrous, Not Married to Any One Architecture, ARM in the Datacenter |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/5501/amd-is-ambidextrous-not-married-to-any-one-architecture-arm-in-the-datacenter |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shimpi |first=Anand Lal |date=February 2, 2012 |title=AMD: Flexible Around ISA |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/5495/amd-flexible-around-isa |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shimpi |first=Anand Lal |date=October 29, 2012 |title=AMD will build 64-bit ARM based Opteron CPUs for Servers, Production in 2014 |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6418/amd-will-build-64bit-arm-based-opteron-cpus-for-servers-production-in-2014 |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> The initial server product was announced as the [[Opteron A1100]] in 2014, an 8-core [[Cortex-A57]]-based [[ARMv8-A]] [[System on a Chip|SoC]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shimpi |first=Anand Lal |date=January 28, 2014 |title=It Begins: AMD Announces Its First ARM Based Server SoC, 64-bit/8-core Opteron A1100 |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7724/it-begins-amd-announces-its-first-arm-based-server-soc-64bit8core-opteron-a1100 |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Stephen |date=August 11, 2014 |title=AMD's Big Bet on ARM Powered Servers: Opteron A1100 Revealed |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8362/amds-big-bet-on-arm-powered-servers-a1100-revealed |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> and was expected to be followed by an APU incorporating a [[Graphics Core Next]] GPU.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shimpi |first=Anand Lal |date=May 5, 2014 |title=AMD Announces Project Skybridge |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7989/amd-announces-project-skybridge-pincompatible-arm-and-x86-socs-in-2015 |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> However, the Opteron A1100 was not released until 2016, with the delay attributed to adding software support.<ref name="a1100_release">{{Cite news |last=De Gelas |first=Johan |date=January 14, 2016 |title=The Silver Lining of the Late AMD Opteron A1100 Arrival |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9956/the-silver-lining-of-the-late-amd-opteron-a1100-arrival |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> The A1100 was also criticized for not having support from major vendors upon its release.<ref name="a1100_release" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Patrick |date=July 5, 2017 |title=Most Impressive Part of the AMD EPYC Launch: The Ecosystem |publisher=Serve The Home |url=https://www.servethehome.com/impressive-part-amd-epyc-launch-ecosystem/ |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Patrick |date=January 14, 2016 |title=The AMD Opteron A1100 – An Editorial |publisher=Serve the Home |url=https://www.servethehome.com/the-amd-opteron-a1100-an-editorial/ |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref>

In 2014, AMD also announced the [[AMD K12|K12]] custom core for release in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shimpi |first=Anand Lal |date=May 5, 2014 |title=AMD Announces K12 Core |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7990/amd-announces-k12-core-custom-64bit-arm-design-in-2016 |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> While being [[ARMv8-A]] [[instruction set architecture]] compliant, the K12 was expected to be entirely custom-designed, targeting the server, embedded, and semi-custom markets. While ARM architecture development continued, products based on K12 were subsequently delayed with no release planned. Development of AMD's x86-based Zen microarchitecture was preferred.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Ryan |date=May 5, 2015 |title=AMD's K12 ARM CPU Now In 2017 |publisher=Anandtech |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9232/amds-k12-arm-cpu-now-in-2017 |access-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cutress |first=Ian |date=January 24, 2018 |title=Getting Radeon Vega Everywhere |publisher=Anandtech |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12312/getting-radeon-vega-everywhere-an-exclusive-interview-with-dr-lisa-su-amd-ceo |access-date=January 31, 2018}}</ref>

==== Zen-based CPUs and APUs ====
{{Main|Zen (microarchitecture)|l1=Zen microarchitecture}}

[[Zen (microarchitecture)|Zen]] is an architecture for x86-64 based [[Ryzen]] series of CPUs and APUs, introduced in 2017 by AMD and built from the ground up by a team led by [[Jim Keller (engineer)|Jim Keller]], beginning with his arrival in 2012, and [[Tape-out|taping out]] before his departure in September 2015.

One of AMD's primary goals with Zen was an [[Instructions per cycle|IPC]] increase of at least 40%, however in February 2017 AMD announced that they had actually achieved a 52% increase.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cutress |first=Ian |title=AMD Launches Ryzen: 52% More IPC, Eight Cores for Under $330, Pre-order Today, On Sale March 2nd |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/11143/amd-launch-ryzen-52-more-ipc-eight-cores-for-under-330-preorder-today-on-sale-march-2nd |url-status=dead |access-date=March 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227094912/http://www.anandtech.com/show/11143/amd-launch-ryzen-52-more-ipc-eight-cores-for-under-330-preorder-today-on-sale-march-2nd |archive-date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> Processors made on the Zen architecture are built on the 14&nbsp;nm FinFET node and have a renewed focus on single-core performance and [[Heterogeneous System Architecture|HSA]] compatibility.<ref>{{cite web |title=AMD's Next Gen x86 High Performance Core is Ryzen – Will Debut Alongside K12 in 2016 |url=http://wccftech.com/breaking-amds-gen-x86-high-performance-core-code-named-zen-debut-k12/ |access-date=August 6, 2015 |website=WCCFtech|date=September 9, 2014 }}</ref> Previous processors from AMD were either built in the 32&nbsp;nm process ("Bulldozer" and "Piledriver" CPUs) or the 28&nbsp;nm process ("Steamroller" and "Excavator" APUs). Because of this, Zen is much more energy efficient.

The Zen architecture is the first to encompass CPUs and APUs from AMD built for a single socket (Socket AM4). Also new for this architecture is the implementation of [[simultaneous multithreading]] (SMT) technology, something Intel has had for years on some of their processors with their proprietary [[hyper-threading]] implementation of SMT. This is a departure from the "[[Clustered multi-thread|Clustered MultiThreading]]" design introduced with the Bulldozer architecture. Zen also has support for [[DDR4 SDRAM|DDR4]] memory.

AMD released the Zen-based high-end Ryzen 7 "Summit Ridge" series CPUs on March 2, 2017,<ref>{{cite web |title=Ryzen |url=https://www.amd.com/en/ryzen |access-date=March 3, 2017 |website=AMD |language=en |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170303123117/https://www.amd.com/en/ryzen|archive-date= Mar 3, 2017 }}</ref> mid-range Ryzen 5 series CPUs on April 11, 2017, and entry level Ryzen 3 series CPUs on July 27, 2017.<ref name="zen_ars">{{Cite magazine |date=February 1, 2017 |title=AMD confirms Ryzen and Vega launch windows |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/amd-confirms-ryzen-and-vega-launch-windows/ |magazine=PC Gamer |access-date=February 4, 2017}}</ref> AMD later released the [[Epyc]] line of Zen derived server processors for 1P and 2P systems.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kampman |first=Jeff |date=May 16, 2017 |title=AMD's Naples datacenter CPUs will make an Epyc splash |publisher=Tech Report |url=https://techreport.com/news/31916/amd-naples-datacenter-cpus-will-make-an-epyc-splash |access-date=May 16, 2017}}</ref> In October 2017, AMD released Zen-based APUs as Ryzen Mobile, incorporating [[Graphics Core Next#GCN 5th Generation (Vega)|Vega]] graphics cores.<ref name="RM_AT">{{Cite news |last=Cutress |first=Ian |date=October 26, 2017 |title=Ryzen Mobile is Launched |publisher=Anandtech |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/11964/ryzen-mobile-is-launched-amd-apus-for-laptops-with-vega-and-updated-zen |access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref> In January 2018 AMD has announced their new lineup plans, with Ryzen 2.<ref>{{cite web |last=Moammer |first=Khalid |date=December 9, 2017 |title=AMD Ryzen 2 Set For March 2018 Launch On 12nm – To Support Higher Core & Memory Clock Speeds |url=https://wccftech.com/amd-ryzen-2-set-march-2018-launch-12nm-support-higher-core-memory-clock-speeds/}}</ref> AMD launched CPUs with the [[Zen+|12nm Zen+]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2nd Generation AMD Ryzen Desktop Processors Deliver Best-in-Class Compute Performance and Even Faster Gaming Framerates than Previous Generation |url=http://ir.amd.com/news-releases/news-release-details/2nd-generation-amd-ryzentm-desktop-processors-deliver-best-class |access-date=February 11, 2019 |website=Advanced Micro Devices |language=en}}</ref> microarchitecture in April 2018, following up with the [[Zen 2|7nm Zen 2]] microarchitecture in June 2019, including an update to the Epyc line with new processors using the Zen&nbsp;2 microarchitecture in August 2019, and Zen 3 slated for release in Q3 2020.

As of 2019, AMD's Ryzen processors were reported to outsell Intel's consumer desktop processors.<ref>{{cite web |last=Allan |first=Darren |title=AMD Ryzen CPUs are crushing Intel's processors going by Amazon sales |url=https://www.techradar.com/uk/news/amd-ryzen-cpus-are-crushing-intels-processors-going-by-amazon-sales |website=TechRadar|date=November 28, 2019 }}</ref> At CES 2020 AMD announced their Ryzen Mobile 4000, as the first 7&nbsp;nm x86 mobile processor,{{Vague|date=October 2020|reason=Ice Lake's 10nm density could be comparable}} the first 7&nbsp;nm 8-core (also 16-thread) high-performance mobile processor, and the first 8-core (also 16-thread) processor for ultrathin laptops.<ref>{{cite web |last=Salter |date=March 3, 2020 |title=AMD's 7nm Ryzen 4000 laptop processors are finally here |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/03/amds-7nm-ryzen-4000-laptop-processors-are-finally-here |website=ArsTechnica}}</ref> This generation is still based on the Zen&nbsp;2 architecture. In October 2020, AMD announced new processors based on the Zen 3 architecture.<ref>{{cite web |title=Where Gaming Begins {{!}} AMD Ryzen Desktop Processors – YouTube | date=October 8, 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuiO6rqYV4o |access-date=November 1, 2020 |via=YouTube}}</ref> On PassMark's Single thread performance test the Ryzen 5 5600x bested all other CPUs besides the Ryzen 9 5950X.<ref>{{cite web |title=PassMark CPU Benchmarks – Single Thread Performance |url=https://www.cpubenchmark.net/singleThread.html |access-date=November 1, 2020 |website=cpubenchmark.net |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2020, AMD launched three new SKUs which target commercial HPC workloads & hyperconverged infrastructure applications. The launch was based on [[Epyc]]’s 7&nbsp;nm second-generation Rome platform and supported by [[Dell EMC]], [[Hewlett Packard Enterprise]], [[Lenovo]], [[Supermicro]], and [[Nutanix]]. [[IBM Cloud]] was its first public cloud partner.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Trader |first1=Tiffany |title=AMD Launches Three New High-Frequency Epyc SKUs Aimed at Commercial HPC |url=https://www.hpcwire.com/2020/04/14/amd-targets-commercial-hpc-with-high-frequency-epyc-7f-series-skus/ |website=www.hpcwire.com |date=April 14, 2020}}</ref> In August 2022, AMD announced their initial lineup of CPUs based on the new [[Zen 4]] architecture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMD Announces Ryzen 7000 Series "Zen 4" Desktop Processors |url=https://www.techpowerup.com/298318/amd-announces-ryzen-7000-series-zen-4-desktop-processors |date=August 29, 2022 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=TechPowerUp |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Steam Deck]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/22779252/steam-deck-things-we-learned-from-valve-developer-summit|title=Steam Deck: Five big things we learned from Valve's developer summit|first=Sean|last=Hollister|date=November 13, 2021|website=The Verge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.steamdeck.com/en/tech|title=Steam Deck :: Tech Specs|website=Steam Deck}}</ref> [[PlayStation 5]], [[Xbox Series X and Series S]] all use chips based on the Zen&nbsp;2 microarchitecture, with proprietary tweaks and different configurations in each system's implementation than AMD sells in its own commercially available APUs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/24/21150578/microsoft-xbox-series-x-specs-performance-12-teraflops-gpu-details-features|title=Microsoft reveals more Xbox Series X specs, confirms 12 teraflops GPU|last=Warren|first=Tom|work=[[The Verge]]|date=February 24, 2020|access-date=February 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/digitalfoundry-2020-playstation-5-specs-and-tech-that-deliver-sonys-next-gen-vision|title=Inside PlayStation 5: the specs and the tech that deliver Sony's next-gen vision|last=Leadbetter|first=Richard|work=[[Eurogamer]]|date=March 18, 2020|access-date=March 18, 2020}}</ref>

In March 2025 AMD announced Instella an open source large language model.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/AMD-Intella-Open-Source-LM |title=AMD Announces "Instella" Fully Open-Source 3B Language Models |website=Phoronix |last=Larabel |first=Michael |date=March 5, 2025 |access-date=April 10, 2025}}</ref>