Editing AGM-88 HARM (section)

====Ukraine====
In mid-2022, during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the US supplied AGM-88 HARM missiles to Ukraine. It was only disclosed after Russian forces showed footage of a tail fin from one of these missiles in early August 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pentagon acknowledges sending previously undisclosed anti-radar missiles to Ukraine |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/08/politics/anti-radar-missiles-ukraine-russia-pentagon/index.html |first=Oren |last=Liebermann |date=2022-08-08 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Policy [[Colin Kahl]] said in recent aid packages they had included a number of anti-radiation missiles that can be fired by Ukrainian aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |last=Trevithick |first=Joseph |date=2022-08-08 |title=Anti-Radiation Missiles Sent To Ukraine, U.S. Confirms |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/u-s-confirms-air-launched-anti-radiation-missiles-sent-to-ukraine |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The War Zone |language=en}}</ref> As built, Soviet-era aircraft do not have the computer architecture to accept NATO standard weapons. Indeed, none of the former Warsaw Pact countries, even those that have had their Soviet-era aircraft updated, were enabled to fire a HARM before.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anti-Radiation Missiles Sent To Ukraine, U.S. Confirms |url=https://mezha.media/en/2022/08/08/agm-88-harm/ |first=Oleg |last=Danylov |date=2022-08-08 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Mezha.Media |language=en}}</ref> The interface seemed difficult unless using a "crude modification", such as integrating it with an added [[Tablet computer|e-tablet]] into the cockpit, building a nearly totally independent subsystem within the carrying aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rogoway |first=Tyler |date=2022-08-07 |title=Anti-Radiation Missiles Sent To Ukraine, U.S. Confirms |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/does-ukraine-now-have-agm-88-high-speed-anti-radiation-missiles |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=The War Zone |language=en}}</ref> As suggested by Domenic Nicholis, defense correspondent for the Telegraph in the UK, the HARM missile is possibly operating in one of its three modes that enables it to find its target once flying after being released towards a possible enemy air defense and electronic emission area. Pre mission or during flight, NATO [[signals intelligence]] aircraft or different intelligence would be providing the overall electromagnetic emissions battlefield to locate the Russian radars where the Ukrainian jets, armed with HARMs would be directed to fire them. This allows the missile to achieve a very long range attack profile, even if it's possible that the missile does not find a target while flying, going wasted.<ref>{{cite podcast| title=The mood in the EU, US military aid & why Zelenksy wants Europe to stop giving visas to Russians |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-mood-in-the-eu-us-military-aid-why-zelenksy/id1612424182?i=1000575534897|time=4:02-42 |website=The Telegraph| date= 8 August 2022| access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref> A second possible use of the HARM is operating it in a mode called "HARM as sensor". Similar to the described mode before, the missile acts as both sensor and weapon, not requiring a sensor pod. A simple interface would show that the missile has a target and the pilot can launch it. In this way the range is shorter, and the jet could be under threat already, but would maximize the possibility to hit the emitter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian Jets Are Firing American Anti-Radar Missiles |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/08/11/ukrainian-jets-are-firing-american-anti-radar-missiles/?sh=840f8f631a98 |first=David |last=Axe |date=2022-08-11 |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2022, a senior U.S. defense official confirmed that the Ukrainians have successfully integrated the AGM-88 HARM missile onto their "MiG aircraft", hinting the MiG-29 was the chosen fighter jet<ref>{{cite news |first=Joseph |last=Trevithick | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukrainian-mig-29s-are-firing-agm-88-anti-radiation-missiles | title=Ukrainian MiG-29s Are Firing AGM-88 Anti-Radiation Missiles | date=19 August 2022 |website=The War Zone | access-date=2022-08-20}}</ref> with video evidence of AGM-88 missiles fired by upgraded Ukrainian MiG-29s released by the [[Ukrainian Air Force]] a few days later.<ref name="theaviationist.com">{{cite web | url=https://theaviationist.com/2022/08/30/first-footage-of-ukrainian-mig-firing-arm-emerges/ | title=First Footage of Ukrainian MiG-29 Firing US-delivered Anti-Radiation Missiles Emerges | date=30 August 2022 }}</ref>

Speaking on 19 September, US Air Force General [[James B. Hecker]] said the effort to integrate AGM-88 HARM missiles into the Ukrainian Su-27s and MiG-29s took "some months" to achieve. This does not give the Ukrainian Air Force the same "capabilities that it would on an F-16." However he said: "Even though you don't get a kinetic kill ... you can get local air superiority for a period of time where you can do what you need to do."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-19 |title= It took 'couple of months' to put US anti-radiation missiles on Ukrainian fighters, USAF reveals |author=Valerie Insinna  |work=breaking defense |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-may-have-lost-four-combat-jets-ukraine-last-10-days-uk-says-2022-09-19/ |access-date=2022-09-22}}</ref>

During early September 2022, a Ukrainian Su-27S was spotted with an AGM-88 HARM fitted on the wing pylons. This is the first case of an Su-27 being spotted with an AGM-88 fitted. The missile has been directly fitted to the APU-470 missile launchers, the same launcher used by MiG-29 and Su-27 to fire missiles like the [[R-27 (air-to-air missile)]]. This suggests that mounting the missile on Soviet aircraft is much easier than experts initially believed, being as simple as  "requiring just an interface for the different wirings and the hanging points of the missile". The earlier footage of a Ukrainian MiG-29 using an AGM-88 indicated that the display recognized the missile as a R-27EP, which is designed to lock onto airborne radars. This suggests that the aircraft are using their own avionics to fire the missile, without the need for additional modifications.<ref>{{cite news |author=Stefano D'Urso  |title=Ukrainian Su-27s Are Now Using AGM-88 HARM Missiles Too |url=https://theaviationist.com/2022/09/09/ukrainian-su-27-agm-88-harm-missiles/ |publisher=The Aviationist |date=9 September 2022}}</ref>

In December, the [[Ukrainian Air Force]] released a video showing a [[MiG-29]] firing two HARM missiles in a volley.  Russia has made the first claim of the war that they have shot down four HARM missiles.<ref>{{cite news |title= 'Double HARM': Ukrainian MiG-29 Fires Two AGM-88 Missiles Simultaneously Presumably At Russian Positions |date=17 December 2022|author= Ashish Dangwal |url= https://eurasiantimes.com/double-harm-ukrainian-mig-29-fires-two-agm-88-anti-radiation/?amp |publisher=EurAsian Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Russia 'Shoots Down' 4 AGM-88 Anti-Radiation Missiles (HARM) Over Belgorod Region, MoD Says |date=19 December 2022|url= https://eurasiantimes.com/russia-shoots-down-4-agm-88-anti-radiation-missiles-harm/?amp |publisher=EurAsian Times}}</ref>