Editing A30 road (section)

===19th century===
[[File:Bridge across the River Yarty, on the A30 - geograph.org.uk - 1567834.jpg|thumb|250px|The A30 crossing the [[River Yarty]]. The road was built by the Chard Turnpike Trust in the mid 19th century to compete with the New Direct Road, later the [[A303 road|A303]].]]
At the turn of the 19th century, William Hanning created the "New Direct Road", a fast coaching route between London and Exeter. The road deviated from Ogilby's route running via [[Amesbury]] and [[Ilminster]], rejoining the older road at Honiton. It became popular with postal services such as ''The Subscription''. In 1831, a race was held between London and Exeter via the New Direct Road, which resulted in a dead heat. {{convert|170|miles}} were covered in 13 hours, compared to a typical early 18th century time of four days.<ref>{{cite book|title=The A303: Highway to the Sun|first=Tom|last=Fort|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2012|isbn=978-0-857-20327-4|pages=259, 262–263}}</ref> In response to the competition of routes, a new turnpike road was built west of Chard, avoiding the historic route to Honiton via [[Stockland, Devon|Stockland]], with several steep hills. This road met the New Direct Road near [[Upottery]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/a76a570f-6040-4a9f-b748-3c87b2cbae34|title=CHARD TURNPIKE TRUST Records|publisher=Somerset Heritage Centre|url-access=registration }}</ref>{{efn|This junction explains why the A30 turns off at Upottery to become a minor road towards [[Yarcombe]], while the road immediately ahead becomes the A303}}

This 'New Direct Road' is the basis of what is now the [[A303]].

Historically, the route between London and Land's End was also called the "Great South-West Road". In the 21st century, the name only refers to a small section of the road near Heathrow.<ref name=tna>{{cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C3543658|title=CLASSIFICATION: Re-numbering of classified routes|publisher=The National Archives|year=1933–1942|url-access=registration }}</ref>

====Redruth to Penzance====
In 1825 an [[Act of Parliament]] established the ''Hayle Bridge Causeway and Turnpike Trust'' which was required to construct a bridge, causeway and [[turnpike trust|turnpike]] over the [[River Hayle|Hayle River]] from Griggs Quay ({{gbmapping|SW545363}}) in the west to [[Phillack]] in the east. The turnpike was needed to ease the transport of [[copper ore]] to the port at [[Hayle]] for export. A second Act was passed in 1837 to establish the ''Griggs Quay to Penzance Turnpike'' and in 1839 an Act formed a third trust, the ''Hayle and Redruth Turnpike'' to complete the turnpike to [[Redruth]].{{sfnp|Historic England|1405965|ps=}} The running of the Causeway turnpike was overseen by the winner of a public auction and for the year 1880, the winning bid was £591&nbsp;10s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cornish|first1=Thomas|title=Hayle Bridge Causeway and Turnpike Road|work=The Cornishman|issue=115|date=23 September 1880|page=1}}</ref> In 1885 the management of the causeway by the turnpike came to an end, and the White house ([[tollhouse]]) on the eastern end of the Hayle causeway, along with the garden and three granite posts was put up for auction on 30 October 1885. A second tollhouse at [[Long Rock]] was also for auction as well as a number of posts and gates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hayle Bridge Causeway and Turnpike Trust |work=The Cornishman |issue=379 |date=22 October 1885 |page=1}}</ref>