Editing 1st century BC (section)

===40s BC===
{{main|40s BC}}
[[File:Denderah3 Cleopatra Cesarion.jpg|thumb|upright|Cleopatra VII and her son [[Caesarion]] at the [[Dendera Temple complex|Temple of Dendera]]]]
[[File:Brogi, Carlo (1850-1925) - n. 16585 - Roma - Museo Capitolino - Marco Giunio Bruto, busto in marmo..jpg|thumb|upright|[[Marcus Junius Brutus]]]]
* [[49 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]] crosses the [[Rubicon]] river and takes the city of Rome, beginning [[Caesar's Civil War]].<ref name=UNRV/> 
* [[48 BC]]: [[Ptolemy XIII]] deposes his co-regent [[Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra]], beginning the Ptolemaic civil war in [[Ptolemaic Egypt|Egypt]]
* [[48 BC]]: [[Emperor Xuan of Han]] dies and is succeeded by his son [[Emperor Yuan of Han|Yuan]]. [[Empress Wang Zhengjun|Wang Zhengjun]] is made Empress, as a result of which her clan would eventually topple the [[Han dynasty]].
* [[48 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]] decisively defeats [[Pompey]] at the [[Battle of Pharsalus]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[47 BC]]: [[Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra]] restored to the [[Ptolemaic Egypt|Ptolemaic]] throne after the [[Battle of the Nile (47 BC)]]
* [[47 BC]]: year of six kings in [[Anuradhapura]] in [[Sri Lanka]] 
* [[46 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]] takes control of [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]] at the [[Battle of Thapsus]].
* [[46 BC]]: [[Han dynasty|China]] abandons control of [[Hainan]] as a cost-cutting measure.
* [[45 BC]]: [[Julius Caesar]] wins the [[Battle of Munda]], regaining control of [[Hispania]] and ending the [[Caesar's Civil War|Roman Civil War]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[44 BC]]: Julius Caesar named ''[[Dictator perpetuo]]''
* [[44 BC]]: Julius Caesar re-founds [[Carthage]] and [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]] as Roman colonies.
* [[44 BC]]: [[Assassination of Julius Caesar]] on the [[Ides of March]].<ref name=UNRV/>
* [[44 BC]]: Burebista death, [[Dacian empire]] collapses into four then five smaller kingdoms. 
* [[43 BC]]: [[Octavian]], [[Mark Antony]], and [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Lepidus]] form the [[Second Triumvirate]] and take control of [[Rome]].
* [[42 BC]]: Second Triumvirate defeats Julius Caesar's assassins at the [[Battle of Philippi]]
* [[41 BC|41]]-[[40 BC]]: [[Lucius Antonius (brother of Mark Antony)|Lucius Antonius]] and [[Octavian]] fight the [[Perusine War]] 
* [[40 BC]]: [[Pacorus I of Parthia|Pacorus I]] conquers [[Roman Syria]].<ref name=UNRV/>