Editing 19-inch rack (section)

=== Rack types ===
19-inch server racks can vary in quality. A standard 19-inch server rack cabinet is typically 42u in height, {{convert|600|mm|in}} wide, and {{convert|36|in|mm|2}} deep.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.apc.com/shop/th/en/products/NetShelter-SX-42U-600mm-Wide-x-1070mm-Deep-Enclosure-with-Sides-Black/P-AR3100 
|title=APC Netshelter SX, Server Rack Enclosure, 42U, Black, 1991H x 600W x 1070D mm - APC Thailand}}</ref> This comprises a volume of 974 L, or just under a cubic meter. Newer server rack cabinets come with adjustable mounting rails allowing the user to place the rails at a shorter depth if needed. There are a multitude of specialty server racks including soundproof server racks, air-conditioned server racks, NEMA-rated, seismic-rated, open frame, narrow, and even miniature 19-inch racks for smaller applications. Cabinets are generally sized to be no wider than the standard {{convert|24|in|mm|adj=mid|-wide}} floor tiles used in most data centers.

Racks carrying telecom equipment like routers and switches often have extra width to accommodate the many cables on the sides.

==== Four-post cabinet racks ====
''Four-post racks'' allow for mounting rails to support the equipment at the front and rear. These racks may be open in construction without sides or doors or may be enclosed by front and/or rear doors, side panels, and tops.<ref>{{cite web|title=Telcordia GR-3108-CORE, NEBS Requirements for Telecommunications Data Center Equipment and Spaces |url=https://telecom-info.njdepot.ericsson.net/site-cgi/ido/docs.cgi?ID=SEARCH&DOCUMENT=GR-3108& |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828052023/https://telecom-info.njdepot.ericsson.net/site-cgi/ido/docs.cgi?ID=SEARCH&DOCUMENT=GR-3108& |archive-date=2009-08-28 |url-status=live |access-date=2009-07-24 }}</ref> Most data centers use four-post racks.

==== Two-post relay racks ====
''Two-post racks'' provide two vertical posts. These posts are typically heavy gauge metal or extruded aluminum. A top bar and wide foot connect the posts and allow the rack to be securely attached to the floor and/or roof for seismic safety. Equipment can be mounted either close to its center of gravity (to minimize load on its front panel), or via the equipment's front panel holes.<ref name="RelayRack">{{cite web | url= http://www.budind.com/pdf/hb1272.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.budind.com/pdf/hb1272.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live
| title= Aluminum Relay Rack
| publisher= Bud Industries
| access-date= 2017-12-26}}</ref> The ''Relay Racks'' name comes from early two-post racks which housed telephone relay and switching equipment. Two-post racks are most often used for telecommunication installations.

==== ATA road case racks ====
[[File:Amps (QuadFest) (edited).jpg|thumb|Rack-mounted audio [[power amplifier]]s of a [[sound reinforcement system]]. The racks each have large heavy-duty rollers. This is typical for relatively impromptu venues such as open-air concerts.]]

19-inch equipment that needs to be moved often or protected from harsh treatment can be housed in a ''[[road case]]'' approved by the [[Air Transport Association of America]] (ATA), sometimes also referred to as a ''flight case''. Road cases typically have plywood sides laminated with [[polyvinyl chloride]] (PVC), extruded aluminum edges, steel corners, handles, and latches. Larger cases typically have wheels for easy transport. Road case racks come in different heights based on the 1U standard and different depths. Non-isolated cases simply mount 19-inch mounting posts inside the case. To protect equipment from shock and vibration road rack cases use an inner and outer case. These cases can be isolated by thick layers of foam or may use spring-loaded shock mounting.  Touring musicians, theatrical productions and sound and light companies use road case racks.<ref name="ATARoadCase">{{cite web
| url= http://www.anvilcase.com/applications/racks/
| title= Standard Rack Mount Cases
| publisher= Anvil Case
| access-date= 2017-12-26
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180226172125/http://www.anvilcase.com/applications/racks/
| archive-date= 2018-02-26
| url-status= dead
}}</ref>

==== Fiberglass-reinforced plastic case racks ====
In 1965, a durable [[fiber-reinforced plastic]] 19-inch rackmount case was patented by ECS Composites and became widely used in military and commercial applications for electronic deployment and operation.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} Rackmount cases are also constructed of thermo-stamped composite, [[carbon fiber]], and [[DuPont]]'s [[Kevlar]] for military and commercial uses.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

==== Polyethylene molded case racks ====
Portable rack cases using a rotary-molded [[polyethylene]] outer shell are a lower-cost alternative to the more durable ATA-approved case. These cases are marketed to musicians and entertainers for equipment not subject to frequent transportation and rough handling. The polyethylene shell is not fiberglass reinforced and is not rigid. The shape of small cases is maintained by the rack rails and the cover seal extrusions alone. Larger cases are further reinforced with additional plywood or sheet metal. The outer shell is frequently embossed in a self-mating pattern to combat the tendency for stacked cases to deform slightly creating a slope that encourages the upper case to slide off. The cases typically use extruded aluminum bands at the ends of the body with tongue-and-groove mating to like bands for the covers. End covers are typically secured with either a simple draw latch or a rotary cam ''butterfly'' latch, named for the shape of the twist handle.