Editing 1842 (section)

== Births ==

=== January–June ===
[[File:Karl May edit.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Karl May]]]]
[[File:SUE A. PIKE SANDERS A woman of the century (page 640 crop).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Susan Augusta Pike Sanders]]]]
[[File:Carl von Linde 1925.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Carl von Linde]]]]
* [[January 11]] – [[William James]], American psychologist, philosopher (d. [[1910]])
* [[January 15]] – [[Mary MacKillop]], first Australian [[saint]] (d. [[1909]])
* [[February 3]] – [[Sidney Lanier]], American writer (d. [[1881]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Alexandre Ribot]], 46th Prime Minister of France (d. [[1923]])
* [[February 11]]
** [[Erik Gustaf Boström]], 2-Time Prime Minister of Sweden (d. [[1907]])
** [[Maria Louise Eve]], American author (d. [[1900]])
* [[February 23]] – [[Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann]], German philosopher (d. [[1906]])
* [[February 24]] – [[Arrigo Boito]], Italian poet, composer (d. [[1918]])
* [[February 25]] – [[Karl May]], German writer (d. [[1912]])
* [[March 2]] – [[Carl Jacobsen]], Danish brewer, patron of the arts after whom the Carlsberg brewery was named (d. [[1914]])
* [[March 5]] – [[A. Viola Neblett]], American activist, suffragist, women's rights pioneer (d. [[1897]])
* [[March 10]] – [[Mykola Lysenko]], Ukrainian composer (d. [[1912]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Stéphane Mallarmé]], French poet (d. [[1898]])
* [[March 25]] – [[Susan Augusta Pike Sanders]], American teacher, clubwoman, author; national president of the Woman's Relief Corps (d. [[1931]])
* [[March 26]] – [[Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveydre]], French occultist (d. [[1909]])
* [[March 30]] – [[John Fiske (philosopher)|John Fiske]], American philosopher (d. [[1901]])
* [[April 2]] – [[Dominic Savio]], Italian adolescent student of [[John Bosco]] (d. [[1857]])
* [[April 17]] – [[Maurice Rouvier]], Prime Minister of France (d. [[1911]])
* [[May 4]] – [[Marietta Bones]], American suffragist, social reformer, philanthropist (d. [[1901]])
* [[May 7]] – [[Isala Van Diest]], Belgian physician (d. [[1916]])
* [[May 8]] – [[Emil Christian Hansen]], Danish fermentation physiologist (d. [[1909]])
* [[May 13]] – [[Arthur Sullivan|Sir Arthur Sullivan]], English composer (d. [[1900]])
* [[June 11]] – [[Carl von Linde]], German scientist, engineer (d. [[1934]])
* [[June 12]] – [[Rikard Nordraak]], Norwegian composer (d. [[1866]])
* [[June 16]] – [[David Herold]], accomplice of [[John Wilkes Booth]] (d. [[1865]])
* [[June 24]] – [[Ambrose Bierce]], American writer, satirist (d. ca. [[1914]])
* [[June 25]] – [[Eloy Alfaro]], 15th [[President of Ecuador]] (d. [[1912]])

=== July–December ===
[[File:Portrait of Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Abdul Hamid II]]]]
[[File:Madeleine Brès (1842-1921).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Madeleine Brès]]]]
[[File:John William Strutt.jpg|110px|thumb|right|[[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]]]]
* [[July 2]] – [[Albert Ladenburg]], German chemist (d. [[1911]])
* [[July 4]] – [[Hermann Cohen]], German-Jewish philosopher (d. [[1918]])
* [[July 14]] – [[Christian Lundeberg]], 10th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. [[1911]])
* [[July 18]] – [[William D. Coleman (politician)|William D. Coleman]], 13th [[President of Liberia]] (d. [[1908]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|author-link= |date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461659310|pages=80–81}}</ref>
* [[July 19]] – [[Lydia Hoyt Farmer]], American author, women's rights activist (d. [[1903]])
* [[July 30]] – [[Thomas J. O'Brien (Michigan politician)|Thomas J. O'Brien]], American politician, diplomat (d. [[1933]])
* [[August 21]] – [[Harriet Earhart Monroe]], American lecturer, educator, writer, producer (d. [[1927]])
* [[August 23]] – [[Osborne Reynolds]], Irish engineer, physicist (d. [[1912]])
* [[September 3]] – [[John Devoy]], Irish rebel leader, exile (d. [[1928]])
* [[September 10]] – [[Henry Granger Piffard]] (d. [[1910]]), New York dermatologist and author of the first systematic treatise on [[dermatology]] in America
* [[September 13]] – [[John H. Bankhead]], American senator (d. [[1920]])
* [[September 20]] – [[James Dewar|Sir James Dewar]], Scottish chemist, physicist (d. [[1923]])
* [[September 22]] – [[Abdul Hamid II]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (d. [[1918]])
* [[September 29]] – Sir [[Joseph Palmer Abbott]], Australian politician and solicitor (d. [[1901]])
* [[October 3]] – [[Frederick Rodgers]], American admiral (d. [[1917]])
* [[October 14]] – [[Joe Start]], American baseball player (d. [[1927]])
* [[October 17]] – [[Gustaf Retzius]], Swedish physician, anatomist (d. [[1919]])
* [[October 27]] – [[Giovanni Giolitti]], 5-time prime minister of Italy (d. [[1928]])
* [[October 28]] – [[Anna Elizabeth Dickinson]], American orator (d. [[1932]]), younger sister of journalist [[Susan E. Dickinson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.josephhaworth.com/anna_dickinson.htm|publisher=Joseph Hawaorth.com|title=Anna Elizabeth Dickinson (1842-1932)|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-date=June 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622064746/http://www.josephhaworth.com/anna_dickinson.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[November 12]]
** [[Ōyama Iwao]], Japanese field marshal, a founder of the Imperial Japanese Army (d. [[1916]])
** [[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1919]])
* [[November 26]] – [[Madeleine Brès]], French physician (d. [[1921]])
* [[December 2]] – [[C. W. Alcock]], English footballer, football official (d. [[1907]])
* [[December 3]] – [[Ellen Swallow Richards]], American chemist (d. [[1911]])
* [[December 9]] – [[Peter Kropotkin]], Russian anarchist (d. [[1921]])
* [[December 12]] – [[Alfred Parland]], Russian architect (d. [[1919]])