Editing 1638 (section)

== Births ==
[[File:Elisabetta Sirani Autorretrato Museo Pushkin Moscu.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Elisabetta Sirani]]]]
[[File:清 佚名 《清世祖顺治皇帝朝服像》.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Shunzhi Emperor]]]]
[[File:Frederik Ruysch, by Jurriaen Pool.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Frederik Ruysch]]]]
[[File:Portrait of Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, Count of Laurvig (1638-1704).JPG|thumb|right|110px|[[Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve]]]]
[[File:Louis XIV of France.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Louis XIV of France]]]]
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]]
** [[Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières]], French writer (d. [[1694]])
** [[Emperor Go-Sai]] of Japan (d. [[1685]])
** [[Nicolas Steno]], Danish pioneer in anatomy and geology, bishop (d. [[1686]])
* [[January 7]]
** [[Filippo Bonanni]], Italian Jesuit scholar (d. [[1723]])
** [[Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], German noblewoman (d. [[1687]])
* [[January 8]] – [[Elisabetta Sirani]], Italian painter (d. [[1665]])
* [[January 12]] – [[Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg]], Austrian field marshal (d. [[1701]])
* [[January 20]] – [[Sir William Glynne, 1st Baronet]], English politician (d. [[1690]])
* [[January 21]]
** [[David Elias Heidenreich]], German poet, dramatist, librettist and translator (d. [[1688]])
** [[Beata Rosenhane]], Swedish writer (d. [[1674]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow]], German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (d. [[1688]])
* [[February 18]] – [[Ikeda Tsunamasa]], Japanese daimyō, ruler of the Okayama Domain (d. [[1714]])
* [[February 25]] – [[Jørgen Iversen Dyppel]], Governor of the Danish West Indies (d. [[1683]])
* [[February 28]] – [[John Carmichael, 1st Earl of Hyndford]], Scottish nobleman (d. [[1710]])
* [[March 6]]
** [[Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Tewkesbury]], First Lord’s  of the British Admiralty (d. [[1696]])
** [[Statz Friedrich von Fullen]], German-born nobleman, ''Geheimrat'' of war for Poland (d. [[1703]])
* [[March 10]] – [[John Vesey (archbishop of Tuam)|John Vesey]], Irish archbishop (d. [[1716]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Johann Georg Gichtel]], [[German mystic]] and religious leader, critic of Lutheranism (d. [[1710]])
* [[March 15]] – [[Shunzhi Emperor]] of China (d. [[1661]])
* [[March 16]] – [[François Crépieul]], Jesuit missionary in Canada (d. [[1702]])
* [[March 28]] – [[Frederik Ruysch]], Dutch physician and anatomist (d. [[1731]])

=== April–June ===
* [[April 2]]
** [[Sir Henry Beaumont, 2nd Baronet]], English politician (d. [[1689]])
** [[John Covel]], English clergyman and scientist, Master of Christ's College (d. [[1722]])
* [[May 9]] – [[Gregorio Vasquez de Arce y Ceballos]], Colombian painter (d. [[1711]])
* [[May 11]] – [[Guy-Crescent Fagon]], French physician and botanist (d. [[1718]])
* [[May 12]] – [[Pedro Atanasio Bocanegra]], Spanish artist (d. [[1688]])
* [[May 13]] – [[Richard Simon (priest)|Richard Simon]], French Biblical critic (d. [[1712]])
* [[May 29]] – [[John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland]], English nobleman and politician (d. [[1711]])
* [[June 2]] – [[Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon]], English nobleman (d. [[1709]])
* [[June 3]] – [[Thomas Smith (scholar)|Thomas Smith]], English scholar (d. [[1710]])
* [[June 8]] – [[Pierre Magnol]], French botanist (d. [[1715]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Sir William Roberts, 1st Baronet]], English politician (d. [[1688]])
* [[June 23]] – [[Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg]], German noblewoman (d. [[1679]])
* [[June 27]] – [[Samuel Frisching (II)|Samuel Frisching]], Bernese soldier and politician (d. [[1721]])
* [[June 28]] – [[Louise Marie de La Grange d'Arquien]], French noblewoman (d. [[1728]])
* [[June 29]] – [[Heinrich Meibom (doctor)|Heinrich Meibom]], German physicist and scholar (d. [[1700]])
=== July–September ===
* [[July 10]] – [[David Teniers III]], Flemish painter (d. [[1685]])
* [[July 11]] – [[Olympia Mancini]], French courtier (d. [[1708]])
* [[July 15]] – [[Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani]], Italian composer (d. [[1693]])
* [[July 20]] – [[Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve]], leading Norwegian general during the Scanian War (d. [[1704]])
* [[July 25]] – [[Cristobal of Saint Catherine]], Spanish Catholic priest (d. [[1690]])
* [[August 3]] – [[William Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen]] (1650–1665) (d. [[1665]])
* [[August 6]] – [[Nicolas Malebranche]], French philosopher (d. [[1715]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Nadler | first = Steven | title = The Cambridge companion to Malebranche | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge England New York | year = 2000 | isbn = 9780521627290 | page=2 | language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 7]] – [[John Tufton, 4th Earl of Thanet]], English politician (d. [[1680]])
* [[August 13]] – [[Durgadas Rathore]], Indian ruler (d. [[1718]])
* [[August 15]] – [[Pieter de Graeff]], Dutch politician and noble (d. [[1707]])
* [[August 22]] – [[Georg Christoph Eimmart]], German engraver (d. [[1705]])
* [[September 5]] – King [[Louis XIV of France]], King of France from 1643 until his death (d. [[1715]])<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC - History - Historic Figures: Louis XIV (1638-1715) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/louis_xiv.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>
* [[September 10]] – [[Maria Theresa of Spain]], queen consort of [[Louis XIV of France]] (d. [[1683]])
* [[September 19]] – [[Isaac Milles]], English minister (d. [[1720]])
* [[September 20]] – [[Antonio Gherardi]], Italian painter (d. [[1702]])
* [[September 21]] – [[Philippe de Courcillon]], French officer and author (d. [[1720]])
* [[September 30]] – [[Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Duke of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg]], German nobleman (d. [[1705]])

=== October–December ===
* [[October 7]] – [[Miguel Jerónimo de Molina]], Spanish prelate, Bishop of Malta, then of Lleida in Catalonia (d. [[1698]])
* [[October 14]] – [[Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena]], German noble (d. [[1678]])
* [[October 17]] – [[John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen]] (1654–1704) (d. [[1704]])
* [[October 21]] – [[Lucia Wijbrants]], Dutch artist (d. [[1719]])
* [[October 31]] – [[Meindert Hobbema]], Dutch painter (d. [[1709]])
* [[November 4]] – [[Nuno Álvares Pereira de Melo, 1st Duke of Cadaval]], Portuguese nobleman and statesman (d. [[1725]])
* [[November 8]] – [[Anton van Dale]], Dutch minister (d. [[1708]])
* [[November 22]] – [[Christoph Cellarius]], German classical scholar (d. [[1707]])
* [[November 25]] – [[Catherine of Braganza]], Portuguese princess, queen consort of [[Charles II of England]] (d. [[1705]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Panton | first = Kenneth | title = Historical dictionary of the British monarchy | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Lanham, Md | year = 2011 | isbn = 9780810874978 | page=562 | language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 30]] – [[Joachim Feller]], German professor at the University of Leipzig (d. [[1691]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Anna Sophia II, Abbess of Quedlinburg]] (d. [[1683]])
* [[December 24]] – [[Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquis of la Laguna]], Spanish nobleman (d. [[1692]])
* [[December 25]] – [[Michel Bégon (1638–1710)|Michel Bégon]], French ancien regime official (d. [[1710]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Hannah Allen]], British writer (d. [[1668]])