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== Births == [[File:Jan Zygmunt Zapolya.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[John Sigismund Zápolya]]]] [[File:Unknown woman, formerly called Cecilia of Sweden - Nationalmuseum.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Princess Cecilia of Sweden]]]] * [[January 18]] – [[Catarina of Portugal, Duchess of Braganza]], claimant to the Portuguese throne in [[1580]] (d. [[1614]]) * [[January 25]] – [[Edmund Campion]], English Jesuit and Roman Catholic martyr (d. [[1581]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Campion Hall (University of Oxford)|title=The Reckoned Expense: Edmund Campion and the Early English Jesuits : Essays in Celebration of the First Centenary of Campion Hall, Oxford (1896-1996)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f01RY4H7MfoC&pg=PR14|year=1996|publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd|isbn=978-0-85115-590-6|pages=14}}</ref> * [[January 28]] – [[Ludolph van Ceulen]], German mathematician (d. [[1610]]) * [[February 12]] – [[Won Gyun]], Korean general and admiral during the Joseon Dynasty (d. [[1597]]) * [[February 23]] – [[Hedwig of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]] (d. [[1602]]) * [[February 25]] – [[Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton]], English aristocrat and courtier (d. [[1614]]) * [[March 1]] – [[Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Count of Olivares]], Spanish noble (d. [[1607]]) * [[March 17]] – [[Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst]], German prince of the House of Ascania (d. [[1570]]) * [[April 3]] – [[Maria de' Medici (1540–1557)|Maria de' Medici]], Italian noble (d. [[1557]]) * [[April 8]] – [[Toyotomi Hidenaga]], Japanese warlord (d. [[1591]]) * [[May 9]] – [[Maharana Pratap]], Indian warrior king (d. [[1597]]) * [[May 14]] ** [[Paolo Paruta]], Italian historian (d. [[1598]]) ** [[Bartholomäus Scultetus]], German mayor of [[Görlitz]], astronomer (d. [[1614]]) * [[May 22]] – [[James, Duke of Rothesay (born 1540)|James, Duke of Rothesay]], Scottish prince (d. [[1541]]) * [[May 31]] – [[Henry Cheyne, 1st Baron Cheyne]], English politician and baron (d. [[1587]]) * [[June 3]] – [[Charles II, Archduke of Austria]], regent of Inner Austria (d. [[1590]]) * [[June 9]] – [[Shima Sakon]], Japanese samurai (d. [[1600]]) * [[June 11]] – [[Barnabe Googe]], English poet (d. [[1594]]) * [[June 29]] – [[Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Eboli]], Spanish countess (d. [[1592]]) * [[June 30]] – [[Countess Palatine Elisabeth of Simmern-Sponheim]], Duchess of Saxony (d. [[1594]]) * [[July 7]] – [[John Sigismund Zápolya]], King of Hungary (d. [[1571]]) * [[July 11]] – [[Adolf of Nassau (1540–1568)|Adolf of Nassau]], Count of Nassau, Dutch soldier (d. [[1568]]) * [[July 16]] – [[Alfonso Carafa]], Italian cardinal (d. [[1565]]) * [[July 19]] – [[Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrücken-Bitsch]], spouse of Count Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. [[1569]]) * [[August 4]] – [[Sisto Fabri]], Italian theologian (d. [[1594]]) * [[August 5]] – [[Joseph Justus Scaliger]], French Protestant scholar (d. [[1609]]) * [[August 25]] – [[Lady Catherine Grey]], English noblewoman, potential successor to the throne (d. [[1568]]) * [[September 5]] – [[Magnus, Duke of Holstein]], Prince of Denmark (d. [[1583]]) * [[September 9]] – [[John VII, Count of Oldenburg]] (d. [[1603]]) * [[October 1]] – [[Johann Jakob Grynaeus]], Swiss Protestant clergyman (d. [[1617]]) * [[November 12]] – [[Anna of Veldenz]], Margrave of Baden (d. [[1586]]) * [[November 16]] – [[Princess Cecilia of Sweden]] (d. [[1627]]) * [[December 8]] – [[Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1591]]) * [[December 21]] – [[Thomas Schweicker]], German artist (d. [[1602]]) * [[December 28]] – [[Charles I, Duke of Mecklenburg]] (d. [[1610]]) * [[December 31]] – [[Silvio Antoniano]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1603]]) * ''date unknown'' ** [[Andrea Andreani]], Italian wood engraver (d. [[1623]]) ** [[Inés de Hinojosa]], Venezuelan [[hacendada]] (d. [[1571]]) ** [[Francis Drake]], English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, pirate and politician (d. [[1596]]) ** [[Christopher Hatton]], English politician (d. [[1591]]) ** [[George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon]], English nobleman (d. [[1604]]) ** [[Pierre Jeannin]], French statesman (d. [[1622]]) ** [[François Viète]], French mathematician (d. [[1603]]) ** [[Amago Yoshihisa]], Japanese samurai and warlord (d. [[1610]]) * ''probable'' ** [[William Byrd]], English composer (d. [[1623]]) ** [[Bernardino de Mendoza]], Spanish military commander (d. [[1604]]) ** [[Paschal Baylon]], Spanish friar (d. [[1592]])
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