Editing 1291 (section)

=== By topic ===

==== Economy ====
* Four towns of the [[County of Holland]] ([[Dordrecht]], [[Haarlem]], [[Leiden]] and [[Alkmaar]]) and two of the [[County of Zeeland]] ([[Middelburg, Zeeland|Middelburg]] and [[Zierikzee]]) agree collectively to secure a loan by their sovereign, Count [[Floris V, Count of Holland|Floris V]]. This gives important securities to the lenders, and allows Floris to access the same low interest rates as the cities’ governments.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Zuijderduijn|first=Jaco|title= The emergence of provincial debt in the county of Holland (thirteenth-sixteenth centuries)|journal= European Review of Economic History|year=2010|volume=14|issue=2|pages=335–359|doi=10.1017/S1361491610000055}}</ref>
* Venetian glass manufacture is concentrated on the island of [[Murano]] (located in the [[Venetian Lagoon]]), to prevent fires in [[Venice]] itself.

==== Exploration ====
* Spring &ndash; The brothers [[Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi]], Italian explorers and merchants from [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]], embark with two galleys intending to reach [[India]] and establish a trade route to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. They sail along the coast of present-day [[Morocco]] after passing through the [[Strait of Gibraltar]]. They may have followed the African coast as far as [[Cape Chaunar|Cape Non]] before being lost at sea.<ref>Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "Vivaldo, Ugolino and Sorleone de". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', p. 152. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</ref>