Editing 1169 (section)

==== Egypt ====
* Spring &ndash; A Zangid expedition under General [[Shirkuh]] accompanied by his nephew [[Saladin]] invades Egypt. King [[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric I]] of Jerusalem orders his fleet to return to [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] and retreats with the Crusaders back to Palestine.
* [[January 8]] &ndash; Shirkuh enters [[Cairo]], leaving the Zangid army encamped outside the city. He goes to the palace, where the 18-year-old Fatimid caliph [[Al-Adid]] welcomes him with ceremonial gifts and promised money.<ref name=Runciman/>
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Shawar]], Fatimid vizier and ''[[de facto]]'' ruler, is invited to join Shirkuh on a [[pilgrimage]] to the tomb of [[Al-Shafi'i]]. Underway he and his escort are taken prisoner; on orders from Al-Adid, Shawar is decapitated.<ref name=Runciman/>
* [[March 23]] &ndash; Shirkuh dies from over-eating after a 2-month reign.<ref name=Runciman/> He is succeeded by Saladin, who is appointed chief vizier of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]]. He takes over as commander of [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]]'s forces in Egypt.<ref name=Nicolle>[[David Nicolle|Nicolle, David]] (2011). Osprey: Commander 12 - Saladin, pp. 13, 16-17. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-317-1}}.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; Saladin invites his brother [[Turan-Shah]] to join him in Cairo. He brings his family and retinue with him but also a substantial army provided by Nur al-Din. Turan-Shah is welcomed by Al-Adid as a friend.<ref name=Nicolle/>
* [[August 21]]–[[August 23|23]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of the Blacks]], Saladin crushes a rebellion by Sudanese forces (50,000 men) of the Fatimid army, along with a number of Egyptian emirs and commoners. He never again has to face a military uprising from Cairo.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lyons | first = Malcolm Cameron | last2 = Jackson | first2 = D. E. P. | year = 1982 | title = Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | url =  {{Gbooks|hGR5M0druJIC|plainurl=yes}} | isbn = 0-521-31739-8 | pages = 34–36}}.</ref>
* Winter &ndash; Saladin supported by reinforcements from Nur al-din, defeats a Crusader-Byzantine force under Amalric I near [[Damietta]]. During the 3-month siege, the Crusaders are forced to retreat to Palestine.<ref name=Runciman/>