Editing Xiamen (section)

=== Opera ===
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==== Nanyin ====
[[Nanguan music|Nanyin]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=南音}}), dubbed "a living fossil of music", is one of the four oldest forms of Chinese music preserved in its original state. Also called ''nanqu'', ''xianguan'', ''nanguan'' or ''nanyue'', it developed from the imperial music of the Tang (618–907) and the Five Dynasties Period (906–960) and continues among people in Fujian's Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, as well as Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asian regions.

Nanyin Opera consists of three parts: ''zhitao'', ''dapu'' and ''sanqu''. It can be performed in two forms: ''tanchang'' (singing while playing a musical instrument) and ''qingchang'' (singing without playing a musical instrument).

It also preserves the ancient tradition of lineups for performances in the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220).

Various folk music instruments are used in nanyin, including ''[[pipa]]'', ''dongxiao'', ''erxian'', ''sanxian'', ''pin''(''qudi''), ''nan'ai'', ''paiban'', ''xiangzhan'', ''sibao'', ''goujiao'', ''muyu'' and ''shuangling''.

==== Gaojia Opera ====
Gaojia Opera ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=高甲戏}}; or Gejia Opera, Daban) is a traditional folk art in Minnan in southern Fujian province. It is also popular in Taiwan and the Chinese expatriate communities living in Southeast Asia.

It grew out of ''Songjiang zhen'', a folk cultural performance that emerged in the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and early Qing dynasty (1644–1911), developed into Hexing drama, an art form that combined literature and martial arts in the middle Qing dynasty, then absorbed the elements of various opera styles and turned in to Gaojia Opera in late Qing dynasty.

It can be classified into three categories: court drama (''daqi'' drama), shengdan opera (also xiufang opera) and choudan (comic role) opera, according to the repertoire.

Its ''qupai'' (the names of the tunes) belongs to ''nanyin'', an ancient music style from East China's Fujian province. Performers sing in their native voice with a strong and high vocal tone. The role of the puppet clown, which is rare in other operas, requires good dancing skills and is very funny and interesting.

==== Gezai opera ====
[[Taiwanese opera|Gezai Opera]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=歌仔戏}}) is the only traditional Chinese opera that became established in Minnan, in southern Fujian province, and arose from Taiwan.

It is based on Minnan ''gezai'' (ballads) and absorbs elements from Liyuan Opera, Beiguan Opera, Gaojia Opera, Peking Opera and Minju Opera.

The art form emerged in Taiwan at the beginning of last century, then spread to Minnan and then to Southeast Asia through Chinese people and foreign citizens of Chinese origin.

Gezai Opera uses a free metrical pattern, various tunes but few lyrics. There are more than 100 traditional tunes. ''Zasui'' tunes and seven-character tunes are the two main arias in Gezai Opera.

Performers in all roles sing in their real voices. Among them, ''kudan'' (woman's role) is the most distinctive style of singing. Shao Jianghai and other folk artists in Minnan created the ''zasui'' tune and promoted this traditional art.

==== Dazuigu ====
Dazuigu ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=答嘴鼓}}) is a folk comic talk and singing art popular performed in the Minnan dialect in southern Fujian province, similar to cross-talk in North China. It adopts strictly rhyming dialogue with strong linguistic rhythms, and is popular in Minnan, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.

With the help of the Minnan dialect's unique rhyme structure, the art boasts a unique rhythmic style. It uses vivid and humorous slang and proverbs in the dialect, focuses on storyline and characters, and is full of jokes.

==== Chest-clapping dance ====
The chest-clapping dance ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=拍胸舞}}) is a traditional folk dance in South Fujian which has been handed down since the [[Song dynasty]]. Shirtless and barefoot men squat and successively beat their chests, flanks, legs and palms with hands, shaking their heads happily. The rhythm and range of steps vary with the change of dancing environment and emotion. With a strong emotion, they will stamp feet repeatedly, clap chest, rib, and the whole body very red with hands; while in a comfortable mood, they will lift chests, turn over palms and twist waists as well as hips, soft and happy, which creates a kind of lively and humorous atmosphere.

The dance emphasizes the rhythm of clapping the body. On the one hand, it reflects the characteristics of the dance itself. On the other hand, it is used to coordinate group movements and create a dancing atmosphere, well preserving the rugged and simple dance style of ancient local residents.

In 2006, the chest-clapping dance was included in the first National Intangible Cultural Heritage List under the approval of the State Council.