Jump to content
Main menu
Main menu
move to sidebar
hide
Navigation
Main page
Recent changes
Random page
Help about MediaWiki
Special pages
Niidae Wiki
Search
Search
Appearance
Create account
Log in
Personal tools
Create account
Log in
Pages for logged out editors
learn more
Contributions
Talk
Editing
Scorched earth
(section)
Page
Discussion
English
Read
Edit
View history
Tools
Tools
move to sidebar
hide
Actions
Read
Edit
View history
General
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Appearance
move to sidebar
hide
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==References== * {{cite book |last1=Ambler |first1=Sophie |author-link=Sophie T. Ambler |last2=Bailey |first2=Mark |last3=Seel |first3=Graham E. |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-78308-808-9 |location=London |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=2V17DwAAQBAJ |page=236}} |title=British Depth Studies c. 500β1100 (Anglo-Saxon and Norman Britain) |access-date=3 July 2023}} * {{cite web |last=american.edu |year=2010 |url=http://www1.american.edu/TED/kuwait.htm |title=The Economic and Environmental Impact of the Gulf War on Kuwait and the Persian Gulf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219043510/http://www1.american.edu/ted/kuwait.htm |archive-date=19 December 2010 |publisher=[[American University]] |location= Washington, DC}} * {{cite book |last=Billows |first=Richard A |title=Julius Caesar: The Colossus of Rome |isbn=9781134318322 |date=2008 |publisher=Routledge }} * {{cite book |last=Blackmore |first=David S.T. |year=2014 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=4Joqn8mzOXwC |page=PA306}} |title=Warfare on the Mediterranean in the Age of Sail: A History, 1571β1866 |access-date=3 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Bostock |first=Andrew |year=2010 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=styp13gjXQgC |page=PA155}} |title=Greece: The Peloponnese |access-date=3 July 2023}} * {{cite web |year=2023 |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/scorched-earth-policy |title=scorched-earth policy |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |first=Don |last=Vaughan |access-date=17 February 2024}} * {{cite book |last=Chandler |first=David |year=1966 |title=The Campaigns of Napoleon}} * {{cite book |last1=Childs |first1=John Charles Roger | last2=Childs |first2=John|date=1991 |title=The Nine Years' War and the British Army, 1688β1697: The Operations in the Low Countries |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-3461-9 |oclc=1166971747 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q_3HAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA17 | access-date = 6 July 2023}} * {{cite journal |last=Clausen |first=Wendell |date=1945 |title=The Scorched Earth Policy, Ancient and Modern |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3292233 |journal=The Classical Journal |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=298β299 |jstor=3292233 |issn=0009-8353}} * {{cite book|last=Clausewitz |first=Carl von |year=1812 |url=https://www.clausewitz.com/readings/Principles/index.htm | title=''Principles of War'' |translator=[[Hans W. Gatzke]]}} * {{cite book|last=Clausewitz |first=Carl von |year=1832 |url=https://www.clausewitz.com/readings/OnWar1873/BK6ch25.html#a | title=On War |translator=J.J. Graham}} * {{cite book |last=Cunliffe |first=Barry |year=2019 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=Wx6yDwAAQBAJ |page=257}} |title=The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe |access-date=2 July 2023}} * {{cite web|last=deoxy |url=http://deoxy.org/wc/wc-proto.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970706135657/http://www.deoxy.org/wc/wc-proto.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=6 July 1997 |title=Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Convention, 1977 |publisher=Deoxy.org |date=1954 |access-date=23 March 2011}} * {{cite book |last=Derry |first=T. K. |title=A History of Modern Norway: 1814β1972 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |year=1972 |isbn=978-0-19-822503-4}} * {{cite book |last=DesΔΔ« |first=RaαΉajita |year=2003 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=N5mIVt_Zd-0C |page=351}} |title=Shivaji the Great |access-date=24 February 2014}} * {{cite book |last=Desai |first=B.H. |year=2022 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=6pGREAAAQBAJ |page=245}} |title=Envisioning Our Environmental Future |access-date=3 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Doel |first=Marcus |year=2017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZELJDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA60|title=Geographies of Violence: Killing Space, Killing Time |isbn=9781526413901 |access-date=3 July 2023}} * {{cite web |last=Dologa |first=Laurentiu |date=12 June 2020 |title=Sabotaging the German war machine: The destruction of the Romanian oilfields in November 1916 |url=https://europecentenary.eu/sabotaging-the-german-war-machine-the-destruction-of-the-romanian-oilfields-in-november-1916/ |access-date=24 June 2023 |website=Europe Centenary |language=en-US}} * {{cite journal |last=Downes| first=Alexander B. |year=2007 |title = Draining the Sea by Filling the Graves: Investigating the Effectiveness of Indiscriminate Violence as a Counterinsurgency Strategy |journal=Civil Wars |date=1 December 2007|issn=1369-8249 |pages=420β444 |volume=9 |issue=4 |doi=10.1080/13698240701699631 |s2cid=144793055}} * {{cite book |last1=Dyker |first1=David A. |last2=Vejvoda |first2=Ivan |title=Yugoslavia and After: A Study in Fragmentation, Despair and Rebirth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flmPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-89135-2 |pages=113β}} * {{cite book |last=Eagles |first=Jonathan |year=2013 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=np-LDwAAQBAJ |page=PT72}} |title=Stephen the Great and Balkan Nationalism: Moldova and Eastern European History |access-date=3 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Fawcett |first=M. H. |year=1901 |title=The Concentration Camps in South Africa |location=London |publisher=Westminster Gazette}} * {{cite magazine |last=Finch |first=Steve |year=2013 |url=https://thediplomat.com/2013/07/30/in-sri-lanka-will-mass-grave-case-be-buried/ |title=In Sri Lanka, Will Mass Grave Case Be Buried? |magazine=The Diplomat |access-date=24 February 2014}} * {{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Sydney Nettleton |year=1959 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=iP9OAQAAIAAJ}} |title=The Middle East, a History |access-date=2 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Forczyk |first=Robert |year=2016 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=Nr2gCwAAQBAJ |page=PA6}} |title=The Dnepr 1943: Hitler's eastern rampart crumbles |access-date=4 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Forester |first=Thomas |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=gpR0iz5GjYgC}} |title=The Chronicle of Florence of Worcester| location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1854}} * {{cite book |last=Fraser |first=George MacDonald |year=1971 |title=[[The Steel Bonnets]]}} * {{cite book |last=Fulton |first=Michael S |year=2020 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=AN0mEAAAQBAJ |page=PT172}} |title=Siege Warfare During the Crusades |access-date=3 July 2023}} * {{cite journal |last=Gates |first=John M. |url=http://www3.wooster.edu/History/jgates/book-ch3.html |title=War-Related Deaths in the Philippines, 1898β1902 |journal=Pacific Historical Review |volume=53 |issue=3 |year=1984 |pages=367β378 |jstor=3639234 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629045949/http://www3.wooster.edu/History/jgates/book-ch3.html |archive-date=2014-06-29 |doi=10.2307/3639234|pmid=11635503 }} * {{cite book |last=Gibbon |first=Edward |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=f8-2ONV-foQC |page=158 }} |title=The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |year=1788 }} * {{cite book |last=Gilbert |first= Martin |title= The Second World War: A Complete History |year= 1989 |place= New York |publisher= Henry Holt and Company |isbn= 978-0-8050-0534-9 |url= https://archive.org/details/secondworldwar00mart}} * {{cite web |last=goacom |year=2012 |url=http://www.goacom.com/culture/history/church.html |title=The Church in Goa |publisher=Goacom.com |access-date=9 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402200720/http://www.goacom.com/culture/history/church.html |archive-date=2 April 2012}} * {{cite book |last=Grant |first=Ulysses S. |year=2017 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=cYM4DwAAQBAJ |page=PA251}} |title=The Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant: The Complete Annotated Edition |access-date=4 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Grey |first=Orrin |year=2022 |url=https://explorethearchive.com/haitian-revolution-who-was-toussaint-louverture |title=Toussaint Louverture: Self-Freed Slave and Hero of the Haitian Revolution |access-date=7 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last1=Hardenbergh |first1=John L. |last2=McKendry |first2=William |last3=Griffis |first3=William Elliott |year=2010 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=ZwRRYgEACAAJ}} |title=Narratives of Sullivan's Expedition, 1779: Against the Four Nations of the Iroquois & Loyalists by the Continental Army |access-date=7 July 2023}} * {{cite web |last=historyinanhour |year=2012 |url=http://www.historyinanhour.com/2010/06/17/the-harrying-of-the-north-a-great-medieval-massacre-1069/ |title=A Great Medieval Massacre, 1069 |work=History in an Hour |access-date=2015-09-19 |archive-date=2012-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619070407/http://www.historyinanhour.com/2010/06/17/the-harrying-of-the-north-a-great-medieval-massacre-1069/ |url-status=dead}} * {{cite book |last=Hobhouse |first=E. |year=1901 |title=Report of a visit to the camps of women and children in the Cape and Orange River Colonies |location=London |publisher=Friars Printing Association Ltd.}} * {{cite book |last=Hobhouse |first=E. |year=1907 |title=The Brunt of War and Where it Fell |publisher=Portrayer Publishers |location=London}} * {{cite book |last=Hochschild |first=Adam |title=To End All Wars β a story of loyalty and rebellion 1914-1918 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780618758289 |url-access=registration |year=2011 |publisher=Mariner Books, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |location=Boston & New York |isbn=978-0-547-75031-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780618758289/page/156 156]}} * {{cite book |last=Hoyos |first=Dexter |title=A Companion to the Punic Wars |isbn=9781444393705 |date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons }} * {{cite book |last=Kakar |first=Mohammed |year=1995 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=QyTmFj5tUGsC |page=257}} |title=Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982 |access-date=7 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Kershaw |first=Ian |author-link=Ian Kershaw |title=Hitler: 1936β1945: Nemesis |location=New York |publisher=Norton |year=2000 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hitler193645neme00kers/page/785 785] |isbn=978-0-393-04994-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/hitler193645neme00kers/page/785 }} * {{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |last2=Sonne |first2=Paul |last3=Kim |first3=Victoria |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/06/07/world/russia-ukraine-news |title=Zelensky warns that hundreds of thousands of people don't have 'normal access to drinking water' |newspaper=New York Times |date=7 June 2023 |access-date=8 June 2023 |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608023116/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/06/07/world/russia-ukraine-news |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Kuhn |first=Anthony |year=2008 |url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/battles/1812/Russia/c_bridges.html |title=Rivers and the Destruction of Napoleon's Grand Army |publisher=napoleon-series.org}} * {{cite book | last1= Lowry | first1 = Bernard | title = Discovering Fortifications: From the Tudors to the Cold War | date = 2006 | publisher = Shire Publications | location = Princes Risborough, UK | isbn = 978-0-7478-0651-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Lynn |first=John A. |year=2013 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=yy9mAgAAQBAJ |page=198}} |title=The Wars of Louis XIV 1667β1714 |access-date=6 July 2023}} * {{cite book|first=Stephen C. |last=Manganiello |date=2004|title=The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England,. Scotland, and Ireland, 1639β1660|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=0-8108-5100-8}} * {{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |year=2005 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=d1wUgKKzawoC |page=49}} |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707β1813 |access-date=24 February 2014}} * {{cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |year=2014 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ |page=PA995}} |title=Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History |access-date=3 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Miller |first=Scott |year=2011 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=6xi3WAy62n0C}} |title=The President and the Assassin: McKinley, Terror, and Empire at the Dawn of the American Century}} * {{cite book |last=Mojzes |first=Paul |title=Yugoslavian Inferno: Ethnoreligious Warfare in the Balkans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkbqDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 |date=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4742-8838-5 |pages=166β}} * {{cite book|last=Muir|first=Richard|title=The Yorkshire Countryside: A Landscape History|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|location=Edinburgh|year=1997|isbn=978-1-85331-198-7}} * {{cite book |last=Naimark |first=Norman M. |year=2002 | url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=L-QLXnX16kAC |p=46}} |title=Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe}} * {{cite book |last=Oman |first=Charles |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofartofw00oman/ |title= A History of the Art of War: The Middle Ages from the Fourth to the Fourteenth Century |publisher=Meuthen & Co. |location=London |year=1905}} * {{cite book |last=Pavkovic |first=A. |title=The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3paCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154|date=2000|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-28584-2 |pages=154β}} * {{cite book|last1=Perry|first1= David R. |last2= Blackburn |first2= M|date=2000|title=Castle Park, Dunbar: two thousand years on a fortified headland|publisher=Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|series=Monograph Series|volume=16|location=Edinburgh}} * {{cite book |last=Phifer |year=2012 |first=Michiko |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_6pCQAAQBAJ&dq=hastein+mercia+destroy+crops&pg=PA124 |title=A Handbook of Military Strategy and Tactics|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt |isbn=9789382573289 }} * {{cite book |last=Phifer |first=Michiko |year=2012a |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=l_6pCQAAQBAJ |page=PA126}} |title=A Handbook of Military Strategy and Tactics |access-date=4 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Pivka |first=Otto von |title=The King's German Legion |isbn=9781472801692| year=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury }} * {{cite journal |last=Pringle |first=Heather |date=April 2010 |url=https://archive.archaeology.org/1003/abstracts/civilwar.html |title= Digging the Scorched Earth |journal=Archaeology |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=20β25}} * {{cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |year=1993 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=HHyVh29gy4QC }} |title=The Mughal Empire |access-date=24 February 2014}} * {{cite journal |last=Ridley |first=R. T. |title=To Be Taken with a Pinch of Salt: The Destruction of Carthage |journal=[[Classical Philology (journal)|Classical Philology]] |volume=81 |issue=2 |year=1986 |pages=140β146 |jstor=269786 |doi=10.1086/366973|s2cid=161696751}} * {{cite book | last=Riehn |first=Richard K. |date=1990 | title=1812 : Napoleon's Russian campaign | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780070527317 | access-date=10 April 2021 | publisher=New York : McGraw-Hill| isbn=9780070527317}} * {{cite web |last=rootsweb |url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/1999-01/0917021014 |title=RootsWeb: South-Africa β L Re: Boer War Records |publisher=Archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com |date=22 January 1999 |access-date=23 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222100233/http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/1999-01/0917021014 |archive-date=22 December 2008}} * {{cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |year=2020 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=jpXijlqeRpIC |page=14}} |title=India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil |access-date=24 February 2014}} * {{cite web |last=sahistory |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/womens-struggle/anglo-war.htm |title=Women's struggle in South Africa |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821192712/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/womens-struggle/anglo-war.htm |archive-date=21 August 2008 |year=2008}} * {{cite book |last=Schiller |first=Friedrich |title=The History of the Thirty Years' War in Germany |translator=Christoph Martin Wieland |publisher=W. Miller |year=1799}} * {{cite book |last=Schirmer |first=Jennifer |title=The Guatemalan military project: a violence called democracy |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=1998}} * {{cite web |last=Sitaresmi |first=Ratnayu |title=Social History of The ''Bandung Lautan Api'' (Bandung Sea of Fire) |date=24 March 1946 |url=http://www.bandungheritage.org/images/stories/dokumen/bandung_sea_of_fire.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603233047/http://www.bandungheritage.org/images/stories/dokumen/bandung_sea_of_fire.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=3 June 2017 |access-date=22 August 2008}} * {{cite book |last=Snaith |first=Anna |year=2014 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=XxCZAgAAQBAJ |page=PA125}} |title=Modernist Voyages: Colonial Women Writers in London, 1890β1945 |access-date=4 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Spenser |first=Edmund |year=1849 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=orx11-JFLHcC |page=PA510}} |title=The Works of Edmund Spenser: With Observations of His Life and Writings |access-date=3 July 2023}} * {{cite book |last=Tabari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15TZsW4gTY0C&q=busr+ibn+abi+artat&pg=PA26|title=History of al-Tabari Vol. 18, The: Between Civil Wars: The Caliphate of Mu'awiyah A.D. 661β680/A.H. 40β60 |date=2015 |publisher=SUNY Press |via=Google Books |isbn=9781438413600}} * {{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Jay |title=The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Making of Modern China |url=https://archive.org/details/generalissimochi00tayl |url-access=registration |year=2009 |page=[https://archive.org/details/generalissimochi00tayl/page/158 158] |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674033382}} * {{cite web |last=Thomas |first=Steven |year=2015 |url=http://balagan.info/battle-of-tucuman-24-25-september-1812 |title=Battle of Tucuman 24β25 September 1812 |publisher=balagan.info|date=4 April 2015}} * {{cite news | last=Tisdall | first=Simon | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/17/sri-lanka-tamil-inquiry | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Sri Lanka faces new calls for Tamil inquiry | date=17 May 2010}} * {{cite web |last=Todd |first=Douglas |year=2016 |title=Douglas Todd: Lest we overlook the 'Asian Holocaust' |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/metro/douglas-todd-lest-we-overlook-the-asian-holocaust |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184534/https://vancouversun.com/news/metro/douglas-todd-lest-we-overlook-the-asian-holocaust |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021 |website=Vancouver Sun}} * {{cite book |last=Traquar |first=Peter |year=1998 |title=Freedom's Sword}} * {{cite book |last=Tuunainen |first=Pasi |year=2016 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=t_OODAAAQBAJ |page=PA112}} |title=Finnish Military Effectiveness in the Winter War, 1939β1940 |access-date=4 July 2023}} * {{cite web |last=un.org |date=3 March 2023 |title=Myanmar: Tatmadaw army's 'scorched earth' policy in spotlight |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/03/1134092 |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=UN News |language=en}} * {{cite news |last=unric |year=2017 |url=http://www.unric.org/en/sri-lanka/27123-why-sri-lanka-matters- | location=London | work=UNRIC | title=Why Sri Lanka matters | access-date=28 September 2013 | archive-date=23 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623142640/http://unric.org/en/sri-lanka/27123-why-sri-lanka-matters- |url-status=dead}} * {{cite web |last=Wellman |first=Robert Campbell |date=14 February 1999 |url=http://earthshots.usgs.gov/Iraq/Iraqtext|title="Iraq and Kuwait: 1972, 1990, 1991, 1997." Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|access-date=27 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021028200910/http://earthshots.usgs.gov/Iraq/Iraqtext|archive-date=28 October 2002}} * {{cite journal |last=Willcox |first=Tilton |date=January 1988 |title=The Use and Abuse of Executive Powers in Warding off Corporate Raiders |journal=Journal of Business Ethics |volume=7 |issue=1/2 |pages=51 |doi=10.1007/BF00381997 |s2cid=154719523}} * {{cite book |last=Xenophon |title=Anabasi |year=403 |translator=H. G. Dakyns |publisher=Project Gutenberg |chapter=VI |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1170/1170-h/1170-h.htm#link2H_4_0009 | access-date=1 July 2023}} {{Pollution}} {{Military and war}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scorched Earth}} [[Category:Scorched earth operations| ]] [[Category:Economic warfare tactics]] [[Category:Environmental impact of war]] [[Category:Military withdrawals]] [[Category:Military terminology]] [[Category:1937 neologisms]] [[Category:Fires]]
Summary:
Please note that all contributions to Niidae Wiki may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here.
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see
Encyclopedia:Copyrights
for details).
Do not submit copyrighted work without permission!
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Search
Search
Editing
Scorched earth
(section)
Add topic