Editing International Space Station (section)

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On 12 April 2019, NASA reported medical results from the [[ISS year long mission|Astronaut Twin Study]]. Astronaut [[Scott Kelly (astronaut)|Scott Kelly]] spent a year in space on the ISS, while [[Mark Kelly|his identical twin]] spent the year on Earth. Several long-lasting changes were observed, including those related to alterations in [[DNA]] and [[cognition]], when one twin was compared with the other.<ref name="NYT-20190412">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/11/science/scott-mark-kelly-twins-space-nasa.html|url-access=subscription|title=Scott Kelly Spent a Year in Orbit. His Body Is Not Quite the Same|last=Zimmer|first=Carl|author-link=Carl Zimmer|date=11 April 2019|access-date=12 April 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170617/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/11/science/scott-mark-kelly-twins-space-nasa.html|archive-date=22 May 2020|quote=NASA scientists compared the astronaut to his earthbound twin, Mark. The results hint at what humans will have to endure on long journeys through space.|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="SCI-20190412">{{Cite journal|title=The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight|last=Garrett-Bakeman|first=Francine E.|date=12 April 2019|pages=eaau8650|bibcode=2019Sci...364.8650G|doi=10.1126/science.aau8650|display-authors=et al.|volume=364|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|pmc=7580864|issue=6436|pmid=30975860}}</ref>

In November 2019, researchers reported that astronauts experienced serious [[Hemodynamics|blood flow]] and [[Thrombus|clot]] problems while on board the ISS, based on a six-month study of 11 healthy astronauts. The results may influence long-term spaceflight, including a mission to the planet Mars, according to the researchers.<ref name="CNN-20191115">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/15/health/astronaut-blood-flow-clot-scn-trnd/index.html|title=Astronauts experienced reverse blood flow and blood clots on the space station, study says|last=Strickland|first=Ashley|date=15 November 2019|access-date=16 November 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811175409/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/15/health/astronaut-blood-flow-clot-scn-trnd/index.html|archive-date=11 August 2023|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref name="JAMA-20191113">{{Cite journal|last=Marshall-Goebel|first=Karina|display-authors=et al.|date=13 November 2019|title=Assessment of Jugular Venous Blood Flow Stasis and Thrombosis During Spaceflight|journal=[[JAMA Network Open]]|volume=2|issue=11|pages=e1915011|doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.15011|pmc=6902784|pmid=31722025}}</ref>