Editing Shinkansen (section)

== Outside Japan ==
[[File:THSR 700T TR17 20130907.jpg|thumb|Shinkansen [[700T Series Shinkansen|700T train]] on a test run on the [[Taiwan High Speed Rail]] in September 2013]]
[[File:CRH2A-4028 at Pearl River West Bridge (20180924125904).jpg|thumb|[[China Railways CRH2]] based on the [[E2 Series Shinkansen]], September 2018]]
[[File:Unit 395008 at Ebbsfleet International.JPG|thumb|[[British Rail Class 395]] in the United Kingdom, September 2009]]

Railways using Shinkansen technology are not limited to those in Japan.

===Existing===

==== Taiwan ====
A [[0 Series Shinkansen]] power car which was used in Taiwan for testing is on display at [[Tainan HSR station]]. This is one of only two Shinkansen on display in a museum outside of Japan. The [[700T Series Shinkansen|700T Series]], operated by [[Taiwan High Speed Rail]], is the first operational Shinkansen type exported outside Japan. Based on the [[700 Series Shinkansen|700 series]], they were built by [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]] and are operated as 12-car sets. They first entered service in January 2007, with a maximum speed of {{convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.

==== China ====
The [[China Railway CRH2]] is based on the [[E2 Series Shinkansen#10-car J50 sets (-1000 sub-series)|E2-1000 series]] design. The trains are built by CSR Sifang Loco & Rolling stocks corporation under a license purchased in 2004 from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, [[Mitsubishi Electric Corporation]], and [[Hitachi]]. Trial services started in January 2007.

==== United Kingdom ====
A retired [[0 Series Shinkansen]] power car was donated to the [[National Railway Museum]], in 2000. This is one of only two Shinkansen on display in a museum outside of Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shinkansen: High-speed revolution |url=https://www.railwaymuseum.org.uk/whats-on/shinkansen-high-speed-revolution |website=National Railway Museum}}</ref>

The [[British Rail Class 395|Class 395]], part of the [[Hitachi A-Train|A-Train]] family of rolling stock, incorporates technology from the [[400 Series Shinkansen]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hitachi preferred for CTRL domestic trains |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//hitachi-preferred-for-ctrl-domestic-trains.html |access-date=18 July 2009 |work=Railway Gazette International |publisher=DVV Media International |date=1 December 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004195758/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/hitachi-preferred-for-ctrl-domestic-trains.html |archive-date=4 October 2012 |location=Sutton }}</ref> Twenty nine EMUs were ordered from Hitachi for commuter services on the [[High Speed 1]] line and entered service in June 2009, operating at a maximum speed of 140&nbsp;mph (225&nbsp;km/h).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sent from Kent with a real team effort |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/trains/current-trains/sent-from-kent-with-a-real-team-effort |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=www.railmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[British Rail Class 800|Class 800]] eighty bi-mode trains were built by Hitachi for [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] and [[London North Eastern Railway]], they operate at a maximum speed of 125&nbsp;mph (200&nbsp;km/h).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Our new Azuma trains |url=https://www.lner.co.uk/the-east-coast-experience/azuma-trains/azuma-is-here/ |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=www.lner.co.uk |language=en |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721050607/https://www.lner.co.uk/the-east-coast-experience/azuma-trains/azuma-is-here/ }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Citation makes no reference to Shinkansen technology.|date=October 2024}}

[[British Rail Class 801|Class 801]] forty two EMUs were built by Hitachi for [[London North Eastern Railway]], branded as the ''Azuma'', they operate at a maximum speed of 125&nbsp;mph (200&nbsp;km/h).<ref name=":3" />{{Better source needed|reason=Citation makes no reference to Shinkansen technology.|date=October 2024}}

Hitachi have continued to build [[Hitachi A-train]] family trains for [[Train operating company|railway operators]] in the United Kingdom. This has included deliveries of [[British Rail Class 802|Class 802]], [[British Rail Class 803|Class 803]], [[British Rail Class 805|Class 805]], and [[British Rail Class 807|Class 807]] trains to operators such as [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]], [[TransPennine Express]], and [[Avanti West Coast]]. It is expected that from early 2025, [[East Midlands Railway]]s will deploy new [[British Rail Class 810|Class 810]] trains into service.<ref name="RailwaysIllustrated254">{{cite magazine|title=East Midlands Railway reveals the interior looks of its new Aurora train fleet|department=News|magazine= [[Railways Illustrated]] |issue=254|date=April 2024|page=7}}</ref>

===Under negotiation===
==== India ====
{{main|Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor}}
In December 2015, India and Japan signed an agreement for the construction of India's first high speed rail link [[Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor|connecting Mumbai to Ahmedabad]], the intention being to initially operate imported E5 Series Shinkansen sets on the line. To be funded primarily through Japanese soft loans, the link was expected to cost up to US$18.6 billion and operational by 2024.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 December 2015 |title=India bites the $18.6 billion high speed bullet |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/india-bites-the-18-6-billion-high-speed-bullet/story-pLq1MHnB98MFbicQJOlFGJ.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709034517/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/india-bites-the-18-6-billion-high-speed-bullet/story-pLq1MHnB98MFbicQJOlFGJ.html |archive-date=9 July 2022 |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite periodical |periodical=Railway Gazette |title=India and Japan sign high speed rail memorandum |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/india-and-japan-sign-high-speed-rail-memorandum.html |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515220129/https://www.railwaygazette.com/india-and-japan-sign-high-speed-rail-memorandum/41785.article |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> The project has been delayed by several years, and forecast costs risen. A contract to purchase up to 24 modified E5 sets is expected to be agreed and signed by the end of 2024, with delivery approximately 24 months later.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Sep 2024 |title=First bullet train will arrive from Japan in 2 years |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/first-bullet-train-will-arrive-from-japan-in-2-years-101726945881769.html |website=Hindustani Times}}</ref> The sets are to incorporate design changes such as the modification of [[Air-conditioning system|air conditioning system]], in order to operate efficiently at temperatures up to 50 degrees [[Celsius]], larger capacity particulate filters, and increased large luggage spaces. One of the goal of Indian Railways is to replace the high-end technical offerings on Japan's train sets with indigenous bio-toilets. Similarly, the primary languages for documentation of facility usage instructions must be [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Law |first=Abhishek |date=20 May 2024 |title=Japanese companies Hitachi, Kawasaki vying for India's bullet train sets |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/japanese-companies-hitachi-kawasaki-vying-for-indias-bullet-train-sets/article68196026.ece |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IR-DRDO Bio-Toilet System in Indian Railways |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/eff_res/camtech/mechanical/YearWise/Flex%20Banner%20-%20Bio-Toilet.pdf |website=Indian Railways |publisher=Ministry of Railways |access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref>

==== United States ====
In 2014, it was announced that [[Texas Central Railway]] would build a ~{{convert|300|mi|km|abbr=on|round=}} long line using the N700 series rolling stock.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dixon |first=Scott |date=2 August 2014 |title=Texas to get shinkansen system |newspaper=Japan Times Online |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/08/02/business/economy-business/private-u-s-railway-wants-bullet-train-line-for-texas-by-2021/ |access-date=16 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127044812/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/08/02/business/economy-business/private-u-s-railway-wants-bullet-train-line-for-texas-by-2021/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref> The trains are proposed to operate at over {{convert|320|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Learn the Facts – Texas Central |url=http://www.texascentral.com/facts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519153146/https://www.texascentral.com/facts/ |archive-date=19 May 2022 |access-date=11 July 2022 |website=texascentral.com|date=28 October 2015 }}</ref>

===Proposed subject to funding===

====Thailand====
{{Update section|date=December 2022}}
Japan will provide Shinkansen technology for a high-speed rail link between [[Bangkok]] and [[Chiang Mai]] under an agreement reached with Thailand on 27 May 2015. Total project costs are estimated in excess of 1 trillion yen ($8.1 billion). Several hurdles remain, however, including securing the funding.<ref>{{cite web |author=Yo Noguchi |date=28 May 2015 |title=Japan to provide Shinkansen technology to Thailand |url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/business/AJ201505280053 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930210326/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/business/AJ201505280053 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun}}</ref>

===Potential opportunities===
==== Australia ====
A private organization dedicated to aiding the [[Australian Government]] in delivering high speed rail, [[Consolidated Land and Rail Australia]], has considered purchasing Shinkansen technology or SC Maglev rolling stock for a potential [[Melbourne]]-[[Canberra]]-[[Sydney]]-[[Brisbane]] line.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clara.com.au/high-speed-rail.html|title=Consolidated Land and Rail Australia Pty Ltd|website=Clara.com.au|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828073125/http://www.clara.com.au/high-speed-rail.html}}</ref>

In 2023, the [[High Speed Rail Authority]] was established by the Government. The Government committed AU$500 million to progress planning for a future high speed rail network – of this, AU$78.8 million was allocated to deliver the business case for the Sydney to Newcastle section, which is expected to be provided to the Government by the end of 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=High Speed Rail Authority Project |url=https://www.hsra.gov.au/project#current-progress |access-date=11 August 2024 |website=High Speed Rail Authority |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811123452/https://www.hsra.gov.au/project#current-progress }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=All aboard High Speed Rail Authority |url=https://minister.infrastructure.gov.au/c-king/media-release/all-aboard-high-speed-rail-authority |access-date=11 August 2024 |website=Ministers for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts}}</ref> Japan Railways Group and Hitachi attended an industry briefing on 27 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parris |first=Michael |date=27 August 2024 |title=Newcastle-Sydney high-speed rail possible by 2037 as tunnel plan emerges |url=https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/8743698/newcastle-high-speed-rail-possible-by-2037-as-tunnel-plan-emerges/ |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=Newcastle Herald |language=en-AU |quote=The briefing attracted a host {{sic}} major international rail, infrastructure and design contractors, including Japan Railways, Siemens, Alstom, Hitachi, CPB and John Holland.}}</ref>

==== Ireland ====
As part of the Ireland 2040 infrastructural upgrade scheme, a high-speed rail network using Shinkansen technology is being investigated along the [[Cork City|Cork]]-[[Dublin]]-[[Belfast]] axis, spanning the island of Ireland from north to south.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==== United States and Canada ====
{{Update section|date=December 2022}}
The U.S. [[Federal Railroad Administration]] was in talks with a number of countries concerning high-speed rail, notably Japan, France and Spain. On 16 May 2009, FRA Deputy Chief Karen Rae expressed hope that Japan would offer its technical expertise to [[High-speed rail in Canada|Canada]] and the [[High-speed rail in the United States|United States]]. Transportation Secretary [[Ray LaHood]] indicated interest in test riding the Japanese Shinkansen in 2009.<ref name="The Japan Times20090516">{{cite web |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090516a2.html |title=U.S. wants to study shinkansen technology |publisher=Kyodo News |date=16 May 2009 |access-date=2 June 2009 |archive-date=18 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718133636/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090516a2.html }}</ref><ref name="UPI.com">{{cite web |date=16 May 2009 |title=U.S. railroad official seeks Japan's help |url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/05/16/US-railroad-official-seeks-Japans-help/UPI-84921242508429/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124142617/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/05/16/US-railroad-official-seeks-Japans-help/UPI-84921242508429/ |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=11 July 2022 |website=upi.com |publisher=United Press International}}</ref>

On 1 June 2009, [[JR Central]] Chairman, Yoshiyuki Kasai, announced plans to export both the [[N700 Series Shinkansen]] high-speed train system and the [[SCMaglev]] to international export markets, including the United States and Canada.<ref name="JapanToday">{{cite web|url=http://www.japantoday.com/category/business/view/jr-tokai-chief-urges-us-to-introduce-japans-n700-bullet-rail-system|title=JR Tokai chief urges U.S. and Canada together to introduce Japan's N700 bullet rail system|publisher=JapanToday|date=1 July 2009|access-date=14 August 2009}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==== Brazil ====
Japan had promoted its Shinkansen technology to the Government of [[Brazil]] for use on the once planned [[High-speed rail in Brazil|high-speed rail]] set to link [[Rio–São Paulo High-speed rail|Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Campinas]].<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2008 |title= |script-title=ja:ブラジルに新幹線導入を＝日本政府・民間の動き活発化＝大統領来日時に働きかけへ＝新時代の友好協力の柱に |language=ja |trans-title=Introducing the Shinkansen to Brazil = Activating the movement of the Japanese government and the private sector = Working on the president's arrival in Japan = Pillar of friendship and cooperation in the new era |newspaper=Nikkei Shimbun |url=http://www.nikkeyshimbun.com.br/080131-71colonia.html |access-date=2 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002210622/http://www.nikkeyshimbun.com.br/080131-71colonia.html |archive-date=2 October 2009}}</ref> On 14 November 2008, Japanese Deputy Prime Minister [[Tarō Asō]] and Brazilian President [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] talked about this rail project. President Lula asked a consortium of Japanese companies to participate in the bidding process. Prime Minister Aso concurred on the bilateral cooperation to improve rail infrastructure in Brazil, including the Rio–São Paulo–Campinas high-speed rail line.<ref name="The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan">{{cite web |date=14 November 2008 |title= |script-title=ja:日ブラジル首脳会談(概要) |trans-title=Japan-Brazil Summit Meeting (Summary) |url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/kaidan/s_aso/fwe_08/jp_brazil.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512115223/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/kaidan/s_aso/fwe_08/jp_brazil.html |archive-date=12 May 2021 |access-date=11 July 2022 |publisher=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |language=ja}}</ref> The Japanese consortium included the [[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Japan)|Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]], [[Mitsui & Co.]], [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]], [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]] and [[Toshiba]].<ref name="Kyodo News">{{cite web |date=12 August 2008 |title= |script-title=ja:ブラジルに新幹線進出狙う 三井物産、建設に応札へ |trans-title=Mitsui aims to advance the Shinkansen to Brazil, to bid for construction |url=http://www.47news.jp/CN/200808/CN2008081201000767.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003012231/http://www.47news.jp/CN/200808/CN2008081201000767.html |archive-date=3 October 2009 |access-date=2 June 2009 |publisher=Kyodo News |language=ja}}</ref><ref name="The Nikkei Net">{{cite web |date=17 June 2009 |title= |script-title=ja:ブラジルに新幹線売り込み】日本勢、高速鉄道建設で各国と競合 |trans-title=[Selling Shinkansen to Brazil] Japanese compete with other countries for high-speed rail construction |url=http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/sangyo/20090617AT1D1702A17062009.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620070725/http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/sangyo/20090617AT1D1702A17062009.html |archive-date=20 June 2009 |access-date=12 July 2009 |publisher=The Nikkei Net |language=ja}}</ref> Nothing was implemented.

==== Vietnam ====
[[Vietnam Railways]] was considering the use of Shinkansen technology for [[North–South Express Railway (Vietnam)|high-speed rail]] between the capital [[Hanoi]] and the southern commercial hub of [[Ho Chi Minh City]], according to the [[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]], citing an interview with Chief Executive Officer Nguyen Huu Bang. The Vietnamese government had already given basic approval for the Shinkansen system, although it still requires financing and formal consent from the prime minister. Vietnam rejected a funding proposal in 2010, so funding for the $56 billion project is uncertain. Hanoi was exploring additional Japanese funding [[Official Development Assistance]] as well as funds from the [[World Bank]] and [[Asian Development Bank]]. The {{convert|1560|km|mi|adj=on}} line would replace the current colonial-era rail line. [[Vietnam]] hoped to launch high-speed trains by 2020 and planned to start by building three sections, including a {{cvt|90|km|mi}} stretch between the central coastal cities of [[Da Nang]] and [[Huế]], seen as potentially most profitable. Vietnam Railways had sent engineers to [[Central Japan Railway Company]] for technical training.<ref name="Nikkei">{{cite web |date=13 August 2009 |title= |script-title=ja:ベトナム縦断で新幹線 国営鉄道会長、2020年部分開業目指す |trans-title=Shinkansen national railway chairman crosses Vietnam, aiming for partial opening in 2020 |url=http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/kaigai/20090813AT2M1203A12082009.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904043603/http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/kaigai/20090813AT2M1203A12082009.html |archive-date=4 September 2009 |access-date=13 August 2009 |publisher=The Nikkei Net |language=ja}}</ref><ref name="AFP">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gv5p5C0gfrQ43JZcXx7lZ39KyfTg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823063033/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gv5p5C0gfrQ43JZcXx7lZ39KyfTg |archive-date=23 August 2009 |title=Vietnam plans Japanese bullet train link |publisher= AFP |date=13 August 2009 |access-date=13 August 2009 }}</ref>