Editing Ferdinand Marcos (section)

====Killings====

{{See also|Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines}}
{| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="text-align:right;"
|+Number of "salvage" cases (TFDP)<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" /><ref name="tfdpPumipiglas" />
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | No. of cases
|-
! scope="row" | 1980
| 139
|-
! scope="row" | 1981
| 218
|-
! scope="row" | 1982
| 210
|-
! scope="row" | 1983
| 368
|-
! scope="row" | 1984
| 538
|-
! scope="row" | Total
| style="background-color:#eaecf0;" | '''1,473'''
|}

[[Summary execution]]s were common. Bodies were often recovered bearing signs of torture and mutilation.<ref name="atenistaMarcosTortureMachine" /><ref name="toYoungFilipinos">{{cite news|last1=Pimentel|first1=Benjamin|title=To young Filipinos who never knew martial law and dictatorship |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/49932/to-young-filipinos-who-never-knew-martial-law-and-dictatorship |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=September 12, 2012}}</ref> Such cases were referred to as "salvaging" a term widely believed to be derived from the Spanish word ''salvaje'', meaning ''savage''.<ref name="onSalvaging">{{cite web|last1=Ela|first1=Nathan|title=On Salvaging |url=http://main.tfdp.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=35&Itemid=30 |website=[[Task Force Detainees of the Philippines]]|access-date=July 19, 2017}}</ref> Mutilated remains were often dumped on roadsides in order to instill fear and to intimidate opponents.<ref name="hartfordMcCoy" />

Anyone could be "salvaged": communists, suspects, innocent civilians and priests included. TFDP documented 1,473 "salvage" cases from 1980 to 1984 alone.<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" /><ref name="tfdpPumipiglas">{{cite book|title=Pumipiglas: Political Detention and Military Atrocities in the Philippines 1981–1982 |year=1986 |publisher=[[Task Force Detainees of the Philippines]] |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=CkbMtAEACAAJ}}}}</ref>

Victims included [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila]] student [[Liliosa Hilao]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/718061/liliosa-hilao-first-martial-law-detainee-killed|title=Liliosa Hilao: First Martial Law detainee killed |last1=Pedroso |first1=Kate |last2=Medina |first2=Marielle |date=September 1, 2015 |work=inquirer.net}}</ref> [[Imee Marcos#Torture and murder of Archimedes Trajano|Archimedes Trajano]], [[Juan Escandor]],<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" /> and 16-year-old [[Conjugal Dictatorship|Luis Manuel "Boyet" Mijares]], whose body was found with burn marks, all his nails removed, 33 ice pick wounds, skull crushed, eyeballs gouged out, and genitals mutilated before he was dropped from a helicopter.<ref name="44yearsTooLong">{{cite news|last=Cepeda |first=Cody |title=44 years too long: The martial-law victims, 'desaparecidos' and the families left behind|url=http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/44-years-too-long-the-martial-law-victims-desaparecidos-and-the-families-left-behind/|work=[[BusinessMirror]]|date=September 16, 2016}}</ref><ref name="familySecretMijares">{{cite news|last1=Zamora|first1=Fe|title=Family secret: How Primitivo Mijares disappeared|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/872907/family-secret-how-primitivo-mijares-disappeared|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=February 19, 2017}}</ref><ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" />

Enforced disappearances, also known as ''"desaparecidos"'' or "the disappeared" – people who suddenly went missing, sometimes without a trace and whose bodies were never recovered.<ref name="noGraveNoJustice">{{cite news|last1=Panti|first1=Llanesca|title=No grave, no justice for martial law victims|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/no-grave-no-justice-martial-law-victims/294444/|work=The Manila Times |date=November 2, 2016}}</ref>

Victims include [[Primitivo Mijares|Primitivo "Tibo" Mijares]],<ref name="44yearsTooLong" /> Emmanuel Alvarez, Albert Enriquez, Ma. Leticia Ladlad, Hermon Lagman,<ref name="44yearsTooLong" /> Mariano Lopez, Rodelo Manaog, Manuel Ontong, Florencio Pesquesa, Arnulfo Resus, Rosaleo Romano, [[Carlos Tayag]], Emmanuel Yap,<ref name="bantayog1999">{{cite journal|title=Souvenir issue: Annual celebration in honor of martyrs and heroes|journal=Bantayog Ng Mga Bayani|date=December 7, 1999|issue=Souvenir Issue|pages=16–29|publisher=Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation}}</ref> Jan Quimpo,<ref name="44yearsTooLong" /> [[Rizalina Ilagan]], Christina Catalla, [[Jessica Sales]] and Ramon Jasul.<ref name="andManyDisappeared">{{cite news|title=And many disappeared in the prime of youth|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/718800/and-many-disappeared-in-the-prime-of-youth|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

While the numbers of political detainees went down, the number of people killed rose and spiked in 1981, the year martial law was officially lifted by Marcos according to Task Force Detainees of the Philippines. According to Senator Jose W. Diokno, "As torture (cases) declined, a more terrible tactic emerged; unofficial executions" – suspected dissidents were simply arrested and vanished.<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" />

Murder victims include:
* Senator [[Ninoy Aquino]], August 21, 1983, who was [[Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.|assassinated]] on the tarmac of [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|Manila International Airport]]
* NPA commander Alex Boncayao,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/politics/legal-and-political-magazines/alex-boncayao-brigade-abb|title=Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB) – Dictionary definition of Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB) – Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
* [[Macliing Dulag|Macli-ing Dulag]],
* [[Tullio Favali|Fr. Tulio Favali]],<ref name="tortyur" />
* [[Liliosa Hilao]],
* [[Evelio Javier]],
* [[Edgar Jopson]],
* [[Emmanuel F. Lacaba|Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba]].

=====Civilian massacres=====
{{Expand section|date=October 2017}}
[[File:1986 rally against the Marcos Dictatorship in which protesters hold up images of Escalante Massacre victims.jpg|thumb|Protesters hold up images of Escalante Massacre victims]]

It is hard to judge the full extent of massacres and atrocities that happened during the Marcos regime due to heavy press censorship at the time.<ref name="inqWarPeaceValor">{{cite news|last1=Tan|first1=Michael L.|title=War, peace and valor|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/73439/war-peace-and-valor|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=April 9, 2014}}</ref> Civilian massacres include the following:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Civilian massacres
!Location!!Date!!Group!!Perpetrator!!Casualties
|-
|[[Guinayangan]], [[Quezon]]|| February 1, 1981 || coconut farmers<ref name="ReyesAriateFQSAnniv20200311">{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2020 |title=Marcos and the First Quarter Storm Part II: Of Pillboxes and Firearms |url=https://verafiles.org/articles/marcos-and-first-quarter-storm-part-ii-pillboxes-and-firearm |website=Vera Files}}</ref> marched against the [[Coco Levy Fund scam|coco levy fund scam]].<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" /> ||The military opened fire on a group of 3000<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" /> ||2 dead<ref name="GavilanMassacresList">{{cite web |date=October 23, 2018 |title=Massacres, incidents of violence against farmers |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/214987-list-massacres-incidents-of-violence-against-farmers-philippines}}</ref> and 27 wounded.<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres">{{cite news |last1=Doyo |first1=Ma. Ceres P. |date=September 22, 2016 |title=Martial law massacres |url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/97552/martial-law-massacres |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tudela, Misamis Occidental]] ||August 24, 1981 ||The Gumapons [[Subanon people|Subanon]] family||Paramilitary members of the "Rock Christ", a fanatical pseudo-religious sect|| 10 of the 12 persons in the house were killed, including an infant.<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" /><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.amnesty.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/asa350251982en.pdf |title=Report of an Amnesty International Mission to the Republic of the Philippines, 11 – 28 November 1981 |date=November 28, 1981 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Las Navas, Northern Samar]] ||September 15, 1981 || ([[Sag-od massacre]]) residents of Barrio Sag-od ||18 heavily armed security men of the San Jose Timber Corp. (owned by Enrile) who were also members of the Special Forces of the [[Integrated Civilian Home Defense Forces|Civilian Home Defense Force (CHDF)]] and allied with the Lost Command (a paramilitary group pursuing insurgents) 
|45 men, women and children killed. 13 inhabitants survived.<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" /><ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|-
| [[Culasi, Antique]]|| December 19, 1981 || 400+ Culasi's mountain barangays protest a Philippine Constabulary company in their area and the reduction of taxes on farm products. ||Military
|Five dead and several injured<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|-
|  [[Talugtug, Nueva Ecija]]|| January 3, 1982 || Five men rounded up were killed||Military ||The military suspected them to be communist supporters.<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|-
| [[Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur]]|| February 12, 1982 || Possible NPA members||[[Ilaga]] || 12 dead.<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|-
|  [[Hinunangan, Southern Leyte]]|| March 23, 1982 || Masaymon barrio|| 357th PC company ||8 dead. Six were 3–18 years of age<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|-
| [[Bayog, Zamboanga del Sur]] || May 25, 1982 || Barangay Dimalinao 
|Airplanes bombed the community because communist rebels killed 23 soldiers two days earlier.<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" />
|Initially 3 dead, 8 injured. Later 2 more dead.
|-
| [[Daet, Camarines Norte]] || June 14, 1982 || People from different barrios marched to denounce "fake elections", [[Coco Levy Fund scam|Cocofed]], and to demand an increase in [[copra]] prices.|| Military
|6 dead, 50+ injured<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|-
| [[Pulilan, Bulacan]] || June 21, 1982 || Peasant organizers ||Military - 175th PC Company ||5 dead<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|-
| [[Labo, Camarines Norte]] || June 23, 1982 || Unidentified men ||45th Infantry Battalion's Mabilo detachment ||5 dead.<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|-
| Roxas, [[Zamboanga del Norte]] |||| Family members<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" /><ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|Military/militia
|8 dead
|-
| [[Gapan|Gapan, Nueva Ecija]] |||| Bautista family ||Unidentified men in camouflaged uniforms||5 dead<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" /><ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" />
|-
| [[Escalante, Negros Occidental]] || September 20, 1985||  [[Escalante massacre]]<ref name="bulatlat-Escalante" /> 5000 farmers, students, fisherfolk, and religious clergy ||About 50 firemen, Regional Special Action Forces (RSAF) and [[Civilian Home Defense Forces|Civilian Home Defense Force]] (CHDF) || 20-30 dead<ref name="marcosMartialLawNeverAgain" />  30 wounded.<ref name="bulatlat-Escalante">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bulatlat.com/news/4-33/4-33-escalante.html |title=19 Years After 'Bloody Thursday,' Terror Still Stalks Escalante |last=Ombion |first=Karl G. |date= September 19, 2004 |website=www.bulatlat.com |access-date=June 14, 2018}}</ref>
|}

=====Muslim massacres=====
{{Expand section|date=October 2017}}

Thousands of Moros were killed during the Marcos regime. They formed insurgent groups and separatist movements such as the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]] (MILF), which became more radical with time.<ref name="inqMuslimsMartialLaw">{{cite news|last=Tan |first=Michael L. |title=Muslims, martial law |url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/61357/muslims-martial-law |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=September 17, 2013}}</ref> The Marcos regime killed hundreds of Moros before imposing martial law.<ref name="abscbnTacubMassacre">{{cite news|last1=Mawallil|first1=Amir|title=Before Martial Law, there was the Tacub Massacre|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/blogs/opinions/10/06/16/opinion-before-martial-law-there-was-the-tacub-massacre|date=October 7, 2016|ref=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref> The number of Moro victims killed by the Army, Philippine Constabulary, and the Ilaga (a government-sanctioned<ref name="veraPalimbangMassacre">{{cite news|title=Vera Files Fact Sheet: Palimbang massacre and Marcos' other transgressions against the Bangsamoro|url=http://verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-sheet-palimbang-massacre-and-marcos-other-tr|publisher=Vera Files|date=September 24, 2017}}</ref> terrorist cult notorious for [[Human cannibalism|cannibalism]] and [[land grabbing]] that served as members of the CHDF)<ref name="inqMartialLawMassacres" /> reached as high as 10,000 lives.<ref name="pcijMindanaoMemoryMassacres" /><ref>{{cite thesis|title=The Liberation Movements in Mindanao: Root Causes and Prospects for Peace|first= Marjanie Salic |last=Macasalong}}</ref> 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Known massacres of Moros
! Name!! Date !! Perpetrator!!Casualties || Context
|-
| [[Jabidah Massacre]] ||March 1968 |||| 11 to 68 killed|| Aftermath of an aborted operation to destabilize [[Sabah]], [[Operation Merdeka]].
|-
| Multiple ||1970-1971|| pro-government militias such as the [[Ilaga]] ||21 massacres 518 dead, 184 injured and 243 houses burned down.<ref name="inqMorosRecallMassacres">{{cite news|last1=Maulana|first1=Nash B.|title=Moros recall massacres under Marcos|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/810366/moros-recall-massacres-under-marcos|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=August 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="pcijMindanaoMemoryMassacres" />||
|-
| Tacub Massacre in [[Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte]]|| 1971 || Dozens dead||Military||five truckloads of displaced resident voters were stopped at a  checkpoint. Summary execution.<ref name="abscbnTacubMassacre" />
|-
| [[Manili massacre]] || June 1971 ||suspected [[Ilaga]] and Philippine Constabulary||70-79 dead||including women and children, killed inside a mosque.<ref name="inqMorosRecallMassacres" />
|-
| The Burning of [[Jolo, Sulu]]<ref name="inqWarPeaceValor" /> || February 7–8, 1974|| 1,000 and possibly up to 20,000 dead||Military||fires and destruction in Jolo .<ref name="inqJoloToMarawi">{{cite news|last1=Tan|first1=Michael L.|title=From Jolo to Marawi|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/104299/from-jolo-to-marawi|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=May 26, 2017}}</ref> "the worst single atrocity to be recorded in 16 years of the Mindanao conflict" by the April 1986 issue of the Philippines Dispatch.<ref name="philippinesDispatchBurningJolo">{{cite news|title=The Burning of Jolo|url=https://suluonlinelibrary.wordpress.com/major-events/1974-burning-of-jolo-2/burning-of-jolo-mnlf-account/|access-date=October 9, 2017|issue=Third Week|publisher=Philippines Dispatch|date=April 1986}}</ref>
|-
| [[Malisbong Massacre]] || September 1974|| 1,500 men were killed inside a mosque, 3,000 women and children were detained, and about 300 women raped<ref name="inqMorosRecallMassacres" />||Philippine Constabulary||
|-
| [[Pata Island massacre#Retaliation|Pata Island massacre]] ||1982 ||3,000 [[Tausūg people|Tausug]] civilians, including women and children dead||Military<ref name="inqMorosRecallMassacres" />||
|-
| Tong Umapoy Massacre || 1983 || 57 dead||Navy || attacked a passenger boat en route to an athletic event in [[Bongao, Tawi-Tawi]].<ref name="veraPalimbangMassacre" />
|}