Editing Conservatism (section)

=== Social dominance orientation ===
[[Social dominance orientation]] (SDO) is a [[personality trait]] measuring an individual's support for [[social hierarchy]] and the extent to which they desire their [[in-group]] be superior to [[In-group and out-group|out-groups]]. Psychologist [[Felicia Pratto]] and her colleagues have found evidence to support the claim that a high SDO is strongly correlated with conservative views and opposition to [[Social engineering (political science)|social engineering]] to promote equality. Pratto and her colleagues also found that high SDO scores were highly correlated with measures of [[prejudice]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pratto |first1=Felicia |last2=Sidanius |first2=Jim |last3=Stallworth |first3=Lisa M. |last4=Malle |first4=Bertram F. |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741 |title=Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |year=1994 |volume=67 |pages=741–763 |issue=4 |url=http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3207711}}</ref>

However, psychologist [[David J. Schneider]] argued for a more complex relationships between the three factors, writing that "correlations between prejudice and political conservatism are reduced virtually to zero when controls for SDO are instituted, suggesting that the conservatism–prejudice link is caused by SDO".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schneider |first1=David J. |title=The Psychology of Stereotyping |date=April 7, 2005 |publisher=Guilfold Press |page=275}}</ref> Political theorist [[Kenneth Minogue]] criticized Pratto's work, saying:

{{blockquote|It is characteristic of the conservative temperament to value established identities, to praise habit and to respect prejudice, not because it is irrational, but because such things anchor the darting impulses of human beings in solidities of custom which we do not often begin to value until we are already losing them. Radicalism often generates youth movements, while conservatism is a condition found among the mature, who have discovered what it is in life they most value.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kuper |first1=Adam |title=The Social Science Encyclopedia |date=May 13, 2013 |publisher=Routledge |pages=155–156 |edition=2nd}}</ref>}}

A 1996 study by Pratto and her colleagues examined the topic of [[racism]]. Contrary to what these theorists predicted, correlations between conservatism and racism were strongest among the most educated individuals, and weakest among the least educated. They also found that the correlation between racism and conservatism could be accounted for by their mutual relationship with SDO.<ref name="sidanius96">{{cite journal |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.476 |last1=Sidanius |first1=J |last2=Pratto |first2=F |last3=Bobo |first3=L |year=1996 |title=Racism, conservatism, affirmative action, and intellectual sophistication: A matter of principled conservatism or group dominance? |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=476–490 |url=http://www.scholar.harvard.edu/files/bobo/files/1996_racism_conservatism_affirmative_action_and_journal_of_personality_and_social_psychology.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417073353/http://www.scholar.harvard.edu/files/bobo/files/1996_racism_conservatism_affirmative_action_and_journal_of_personality_and_social_psychology.pdf |archive-date=April 17, 2015 |url-status=live |citeseerx=10.1.1.474.1114}}</ref>