Editing Reformation (section)

=== Consequences of the Reformation ===
In nations that remained Catholic, or reverted to it, remaining Protestants sometimes lived as [[crypto-Protestantism |crypto-Protestants]], also called [[Nicodemite]]s, contrary to the urging of John Calvin, who wanted them to live their faith openly.<ref>Eire, Carlos M. N. "Calvin and Nicodemism: A Reappraisal".  ''Sixteenth Century Journal'' X:1, 1979.</ref> Some [[Crypto-Protestantism|crypto-Protestants]] have been identified as late as the 19th century after immigrating to Latin America.<ref name="Martínez Fernández">{{Cite journal |last=Martínez Fernández |first= Luis|title=Crypto-Protestants and Pseudo-Catholics in the Nineteenth-Century Hispanic Caribbean |journal=Journal of Ecclesiastical History |volume=51|issue=2|pages= 347–65 |year=2000|doi=10.1017/S0022046900004255 |s2cid=162296826}}</ref> 

In Britain from the Elizabethan period, dissenters called [[Recusancy|Recusants]] included both Catholic families and [[English Dissenters]] (Quakers, Ranters, Diggers, Grindletonians, etc.): almost the entire Irish population were recusants from the imposed Protestant Church of Ireland.<ref>Burton, Edwin, Edward D'Alton, and Jarvis Kelley. ''1911 Catholic Encyclopedia, Penal Laws III: Ireland''.</ref>

Travel and migration between countries became more difficult. "In 1500, a Christian could travel from one end of Europe to another without fear of persecution; by 1600, every form of Christianity was illegal somewhere in Europe."<ref>Wandell, Lee Palmer (2011) ''The Reformation'', Cambridge University Press ''apud'' {{cite web |last1= Leithart |first1=Peter |title=How the Reformation Failed |url= https://theopolisinstitute.com/how-the-reformation-failed/ |website= Theopolis Institute |date=18 April 2017}}</ref> Two prolonged series of conflicts, the [[French Wars of Religion]] (1562–1598) and the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618–1648) resulted in between [[European wars of religion#Death toll|six and sixteen million deaths]].

As well as wars, most countries and colonies of Europe enacted discriminatory legislation, these only winding down in the late 18th century [[Age of Enlightenment]]. For example, the [[Popery Act]]s (1699 and 1704) disallowed Irish Catholic schooling and purchase of land, and changed inheritance law; it was repealed by the 1778 and 1791 [[Catholic Relief Act]]s. The [[Quebec Act]] (1774) re-allowed Catholics to worship and hold public office, but was one of the [[Intolerable Acts]] that precipitated the [[American Revolutionary War]].   In the countries of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], the [[Patent of Toleration]] (1781, 1782) allowed religious toleration for non-Catholic Christians and Jews. In France, the [[Edict of Toleration]] (1787) proposed the non-persecution of non-Catholics and Jews. However vestiges of Reformation-period legal discrimination continued: for example, currently, a Roman Catholic, or someone married to a Roman Catholic, may not be crowned the [[Succession_to_the_British_throne#Religion|British Monarch]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Succession |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/succession?page=8 |website=www.royal.uk |language=en}}</ref>