Editing Debit card (section)

===Russia===
In addition to Visa, MasterCard and American Express, there are some local payment systems based in general on [[smart card]] technology.
* [[Sbercard]]. This payment system was created by [[Sberbank]] around 1995–1996. It uses [[BGS Smartcard Systems AG]] smart card technology that is, DUET. Sberbank was a single retail bank in the [[Soviet Union]] before 1990. De facto this is a payment system of the SberBank.
* [[Zolotaya Korona]]. This card brand was created in 1994. Zolotaya Korona is based on CFT technology.
* [[STB Card]]. This card uses the classic [[Magnetic Stripe Reader|magnetic stripe]] technology. It almost fully collapsed after 1998 (GKO crisis) with STB bank failure.
* [[Union Card]]. The card also uses the classic [[Magnetic Stripe Reader|magnetic stripe]] technology. This card brand is on the decline. These accounts are being reissued as Visa or MasterCard accounts.

Nearly every transaction, regardless of brand or system, is processed as an immediate debit transaction. Non-debit transactions within these systems have spending limits that are strictly limited when compared with typical Visa or MasterCard accounts.