Editing Scythians (section)

==List of rulers==
The relationships of the various Scythian kings with each other are not known for certain, although the historian and anthropologist [[Anatoly Khazanov]] suggests that the Scythians had been ruled by the same dynasty from the time of their stay in West Asia until the end of their kingdom in the Pontic steppe, and that Madyes and the later Scythian kings [[Spargapeithes (Scythian king)|Spargapeithes]] and [[Ariapeithes]] belonged to the same dynasty,{{sfn|Khazanov|1975|pages=191–192}} and [[Ellis Minns]] suggested in 1913 that Idanthyrsus was probably the father of Ariapeithes.{{sfn|Minns|1913|p=116}}

Meanwhile, the scholar Askold Ivantchik instead considers Madyes, Spargapeithes, and Ariapeithes to have each belonged to a different dynasty.{{sfn|Ivantchik|2018}}

===Kings of Early Scythians===
* [[Išpakāya]] ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Spakāya}}<ref>{{Unbulleted list citebundle|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2018}}: "The names attested in cuneiform inscriptions are (1) NAssyr. {{translit|akk-x-neoassyr|Iš-pa-ka-a-a}} (the leader of the Scythian troops defeated about 675 BCE by king Esarhaddon) = OIr. ("Scyth.") {{transliteration|xsc|*Spak-aya-}}, a hypocoristic based on {{transliteration|xsc|*spaka-}} "dog" (see Schmitt, 2009, pp. 93f.) "|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2009|pp=93–94}}|{{harvnb|Ivantchik|2005|p=188}}}}</ref>), {{reign|unknown|679 BC}}
* [[Bartatua]] ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Pr̥ϑutavah}}<ref>{{Unbulleted list citebundle|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2000}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2011|pp=307–308}}}}</ref> or {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Pr̥tatavah}}<ref>{{Unbulleted list citebundle|{{harvnb|Harmatta|1999|p=123}}|{{harvnb|Bukharin|2013|p=63}}|{{harvnb|Kullanda|Raevskiy|2004|p=94}}|{{harvnb|Melikov|2016|pp=78–80}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2018}}}}</ref>), {{reign|679|{{c.|665 BC}}}}
* [[Madyes]] ([[Median language|Median]]: {{translit|xme|*Mādava}}{{sfn|Bukharin|2013|p=61-64}}), {{reign|{{c.|650}}|625 BC}}

===Kings of Pontic Scythians===
* [[Spargapeithes (Scythian king)|Spargapeithes]] ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Spargapaiϑah}}<ref>{{Unbulleted list citebundle|{{harvnb|Hinz|1975|p=226}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2003b|p=5}}|{{harvnb|Kullanda|Raevskiy|2004|p=92}}|{{harvnb|Tokhtasyev|2005b|p=306|loc=Footnote 118.}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2011|p=342}}|{{harvnb|Kullanda|2014|p=81}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2018}}}}</ref>), {{reign|single={{c.|610 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
* Lykos ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Lū̆ka}}<ref>{{Unbulleted list citebundle|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2003b|p=12}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2011|p=230}}|{{harvnb|Bukharin|2013|p=57}}}}</ref>), {{reign|single={{c.|600 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
* Gnouros, {{reign|single={{c.|575 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
* Sauaios or Saulios, {{reign|single={{c.|550 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
* [[Idanthyrsus]] ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Hiϑāmϑrauša}}{{sfn|Schwartz|Manaster Ramer|2019|p=359-360}}), {{reign|{{c.|530}}|{{c.|510 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
:Sub-kings:
:*Scopasis, {{reign|single={{c.|513 BC}}}}
:*Taxacis ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Taxšaka}}{{sfn|Kullanda|Raevskiy|2004|p=94}}), {{reign|single={{c.|513 BC}}}}
* Argotas ?, {{reign|{{c.|510}}|{{c.|490 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
* [[Ariapeithes]] ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Aryapaiϑah}}<ref>{{Unbulleted list citebundle|{{harvnb|Hinz|1975|page=40}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2003b|pp=4–6}}|{{harvnb|Kullanda|Raevskiy|2004|p=92}}|{{harvnb|Tokhtasyev|2005b|p=306|loc=Footnote 118.}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2011|p=p=85}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2018}}}}</ref>), {{reign|{{c.|490}}|{{c.|460 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
* [[Scyles]] ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Skula}}{{sfn|Ivantchik|2018}}), {{reign|{{c.|460}}|{{c.|450 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
* [[Octamasadas]] ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Uxtamazatā}}<ref>{{Unbulleted list citebundle|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2003b|pp=13–14}}|{{harvnb|Schmitt|2011|pp=275–276}}}}</ref>), {{reign|{{c.|450}}|{{c.|430 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
* Eminakes ? ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Aminaka}}{{sfn|Kullanda|Raevskiy|2004|p=91-92}}), {{reign|single={{c.|420 BC}}}} ?
* [[Ateas]] or Ataias ([[Scythian languages|Scythian]]: {{translit|xsc-x-pontic|*Haϑaiya}}{{sfn|Kullanda|Raevskiy|2004|p=92-93}}{{sfn|Tokhtasyev|2005a|p=74-75}}), {{reign|{{c.|360s}}|339 BC}}
* king with unrecorded name, {{reign|single={{c.|325 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}
* Agaros, {{reign|single={{c.|310 BC}}}}{{sfn|Alekseyev|2005|p=40}}