Editing Jewish philosophy (section)

=== Reconstructionist theology ===
{{main|Reconstructionist Judaism}}
Perhaps the most controversial form of Jewish philosophy that developed in the early 20th century was the [[religious naturalism]] of Rabbi [[Mordecai Kaplan]], whose theology was a variant of [[John Dewey]]'s [[pragmatism|pragmatist]] philosophy. Kaplan’s naturalism combined nontheist metaphysics with religious terminology to construct a philosophy for those who had lost faith in traditional Judaism. In agreement with the classical, medieval Jewish thinkers, Kaplan affirmed that God is an impersonal being (if a "being" at all) and that all anthropomorphic descriptions of God are, at best, imperfect metaphors. Kaplan's theology went beyond this to claim that God is the sum of all natural processes that allow man to become self-fulfilled, writing that "to believe in God means to take for granted that it is man's destiny to rise above the brute and to eliminate all forms of violence and exploitation from human society."{{cn|date=February 2025}}