Editing Zoning (section)

===== Mixed-use zoning =====
{{See also|Mixed-use development}}

Mixed-use zoning combines residential, commercial, office, and public uses into a single space.<ref name=":16" /> Mixed-use zoning can be vertical, within a single building, or horizontal, involving multiple buildings.<ref name=":16" /> 

Planning and community activist [[Jane Jacobs]] wrote extensively on the connections between the separation of uses and the failure of [[urban renewal]] projects in New York City. She advocated dense [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use developments]] and [[Walkability|walkable streets]]. In contrast to villages and towns, in which many residents know one another, and low-density outer suburbs that attract few visitors, cities and inner city areas have the problem of maintaining order between strangers.<ref name="Jacobs1961">{{Cite book |last=Jacobs |first=Jane |title=The Death and Life of Great American Cities |publisher=Bodley Head |year=1961 |isbn=9781847926180}}</ref>{{rp|26,39–44}} This order is maintained when, throughout the day and evening, there are sufficient people present with [[Natural surveillance|eyes on the street]]. {{r|Jacobs1961|p=45-65}} This can be accomplished in successful urban districts that have a great diversity of uses, creating interest and attracting visitors. {{r|Jacobs1961|p=155-190}} Jacobs' writings, along with increasing concerns about urban sprawl, are often credited with inspiring the [[New Urbanism]] movement.

To accommodate the New Urbanist vision of walkable communities combining [[Coffeehouse|cafés]], [[Restaurant|restaurants]], [[Office|offices]] and residential development in a single area, mixed-use zones have been created within some zoning systems. These still use the basic regulatory mechanisms of zoning, excluding incompatible uses such as [[heavy industry]] or [[Sewage farm|sewage farms]], while allowing compatible uses such as residential, commercial and retail activities so that people can live, work and socialise within a compact geographic area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mixed-Use Zoning |url=https://sustainablecitycode.org/brief/mixed-use-zoning-3/ |publisher=Sustainable City Code}}</ref>

The mixing of land uses is common throughout the world. Mixed-use zoning has particular relevance in the United States, where it is proposed as a remedy to the problems caused by widespread single-use zoning.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hirt |first=Sonia |date=July 12, 2012 |title=Mixed Use by Default: How the Europeans (Don't) Zone |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0885412212451029 |journal=Journal of Planning Literature |language=en |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=375–393 |doi=10.1177/0885412212451029 |issn=0885-4122}}</ref>