Editing Zagreb (section)

===19th to mid-20th century===

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[[File:Bakrorez panorame Zagreba iz 1822.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Copperplate of the panorama of Zagreb from 1822]]

{{multiple image
| direction         = vertical
| align             = right
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| image1            = Demonstracije u Zagrebu 1918.jpg
| caption1          = Mass protests in Zagreb against the unification of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] with the Kingdom of Serbia in 1918.
| image2            = Ulazak partizana u Zagreb, 9. svibnja 1945. godine.jpg
| caption2          = [[Croatian Partisans]] enter [[Ban Jelačić Square]] on May 9, 1945, national celebration on the square
}}

In the 19th century, Zagreb was the center of the [[Illyrian movement|Croatian National Revival]] and saw the foundation of important cultural and historic institutions.
In 1850, the town was united under its first [[List of mayors of Zagreb|mayor]] – [[Janko Kamauf]].<ref name="HRT" />

The first railway line to connect Zagreb with [[Zidani Most]] and [[Sisak]] opened in 1862 and in 1863 Zagreb received a [[gasworks]]. Since 1 January 1877, the [[Grič cannon]] fires daily from the [[Lotrščak Tower]] on [[Grič, Zagreb|Grič]] to mark midday. The Zagreb [[water supply|waterworks]] opened in 1878.

After the [[1880 Zagreb earthquake]],<ref>{{Citation |title=Zagreb (Agram) Earthquake, Croatia, 1880 |date=2010 |work=The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters |pages=151–153 |editor-last=Kozák |editor-first=Jan |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_33 |access-date=2024-10-15 |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_33 |isbn=978-90-481-3325-3 |editor2-last=Čermák |editor2-first=Vladimír}}</ref> up to the 1914 outbreak of [[World War I]], development flourished and the town received the characteristic layout which it has today.
The first horse-drawn [[tram]] dated from 1891. The construction of railway lines enabled the old suburbs to merge gradually into [[Donji grad (Zagreb)|Donji Grad]], characterized by a regular block pattern that prevails in [[Central Europe]]an cities. This bustling core includes many imposing buildings, monuments, and parks as well as a multitude of museums, theatres, and cinemas. An [[power station|electric-power plant]] was built in 1907.

The first half of the 20th century saw a considerable expansion of Zagreb. Before World War I, the city expanded and neighborhoods like [[Stara Peščenica]] in the east and [[Črnomerec]] in the west grew up. The Rokov perivoj neighbourhood, noted for its [[Art Nouveau]] features, was established at the start of the century.<ref>[[Paris Aéroport]], ''Paris Vous Aime Magazine'', No 13, avril-may-juin 2023, p. 139</ref>

After the war, [[working class|working-class]] districts such as [[Trnje, Zagreb|Trnje]] emerged between the railway and the [[Sava]], whereas the construction of residential districts on the hills of the southern slopes of [[Medvednica]] was completed [[Interwar period|between the two World Wars]].

In the 1920s, the population of Zagreb increased by 70 percent – the largest demographic boom in the history of the town. In 1926, the first [[radio broadcasting|radio station]] in the region began broadcasting from Zagreb, and in 1947 the [[Zagreb Fair]] opened.<ref name="HRT" />

During World War II, Zagreb became the capital of the [[Independent State of Croatia]] (1941–1945), which was backed by [[Nazi Germany]] and by the [[Fascism in Italy|Italians]]. The history of [[Zagreb in World War II]] became rife with incidents of régime terror and resistance sabotage - the [[Ustaša]] régime had thousands of people executed during the war in and near the city. [[Partisans (Yugoslavia)|Partisans]] took the city at the end of the war. From 1945 until 1990, Zagreb functioned as the capital of the [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], one of the six constituent socialist republics of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].