Editing Yerba mate (section)

===Chemical composition and properties===
[[File:Yerba Mate on Market Shelf.jpg|thumb|right|Yerba for sale in the open-air market of [[La Boqueria]] in [[Barcelona]], Spain]]

Yerba mate contains a variety of polyphenols, such as the [[flavonoid]]s, [[quercetin]] and [[rutin]].<ref name=Gambero2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gambero A, Ribeiro ML |title=The positive effects of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) in obesity|journal=Nutrients|volume=7|issue=2|pages=730–50|date=January 2015| pmid= 25621503| pmc= 4344557| doi= 10.3390/nu7020730|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Yerba mate contains three [[xanthine]]s: [[caffeine]], [[theobromine]], and [[theophylline]], with caffeine content varying between 0.7% and 1.7% of dry weight<ref>Dellacassa, Cesio et al. Departamento de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, Noviembre: 2007, pp.&nbsp;1–15</ref> (compared with 0.4–9.3% for [[tea]] leaves, 2.5–7.6% in [[guarana]], and up to 3.2% for ground [[coffee]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/chemical.pl?CAFFEINE |title=Activities of a Specific Chemical Query |publisher=Ars-grin.gov |access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Pichersky-Lewinsohn-2011">{{cite journal | last1=Pichersky | first1=Eran | last2=Lewinsohn | first2=Efraim | title=Convergent Evolution in Plant Specialized Metabolism | journal=[[Annual Review of Plant Biology]] | volume=62 | issue=1 | date=2011-06-02 | issn=1543-5008 | doi=10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103814 | pages=549–566| pmid=21275647 | bibcode=2011AnRPB..62..549P }}</ref> Theobromine content varies from 0.3% to 0.9%; theophylline is typically present only in small quantities or sometimes completely absent.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=3821141 |year=1986 |last1=Vázquez |first1=A |last2=Moyna |first2=P |title=Studies on mate drinking |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=267–72 |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |doi=10.1016/0378-8741(86)90005-x}}</ref> In some circles, mateine is a referential term for caffeine when found present in yerba mate (similar to theine from tea or guaranine from guarana).<ref>{{cite book|last=Scully|first=Crispian|title=Medical Problems in Dentistry|url={{Google books|PHLvOVaB0AEC|page=693|plainurl=yes|text=Caffeine is called guaranine when found in guarana, mateine when found in mate and theine when found in tea.}}|page=693}}</ref> Yerba mate also contains [[mineral]]s, such as [[potassium]], [[magnesium]], and [[manganese]].<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Eunice |last1=Valduga |first2=Renato João Sossela |last2=de Freitas |first3=Carlos B. |last3=Reissmann |first4=Tomoe |last4=Nakashima |year=1997 |title=Caracterização química da folha de ''Ilex paraguariensis'' St. Hil. (erva-mate) e de outras espécies utilizadas na adulteração do mate |url=http://ojs.c3sl.ufpr.br/ojs-2.2.4/index.php/alimentos/article/viewArticle/14033 |language=pt |journal=Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=25–36|doi=10.5380/cep.v15i1.14033 |doi-access=free }}</ref>