Editing Writing (section)

=== Science and scholarship ===
Research undertaken in [[academic discipline]]s is typically published as articles in journals or within book-length [[monograph]]s. Arguments, experiments, observational data, and other evidence collated in the course of research is represented in writing, and serves as the basis for later work. Data collection and drafting of [[manuscript]]s may be supported by grants, which usually require proposals establishing the value of such work and the need for funding.{{sfnp|Tardy|2003|pp=7–36}} The data and procedures are also typically collected in [[lab notebook]]s or other preliminary files.{{sfnp|Latour|Woolgar|1986}}{{page needed|date=June 2023}} [[Preprint]]s of potential publications may also be presented at academic or disciplinary conferences or on publicly accessible web servers to gain peer feedback and build interest in the work. Prior to official publication, these documents are typically read and evaluated by [[peer review]] from appropriate experts, who determine whether the work is of sufficient value and quality to be published.{{sfnp|Hyland|2004|pp=1–19}}

Publication does not establish the claims or findings of work as being authoritatively true, only that they are worth the attention of other specialists. As the work appears in review articles, handbooks, textbooks, or other aggregations, and others cite it in the advancement of their own research, does it become codified as contingently reliable knowledge.{{sfnp|Bazerman|1988}}