Editing White people (section)

==== Nineteenth and twentieth century: the "Caucasian race" ====
{{Main|Caucasian race}}

Between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries,<ref>Baum (2006), p. 120, gives the range 1840 to 1935.</ref> race scientists, including most [[physical anthropology|physical anthropologists]] classified the world's populations into [[Historical definitions of race|three, four, or five races]], which, depending on the authority consulted, were further divided into various sub-races. During this period the [[Caucasian race]], named after people of the [[Caucasus Mountains]] but extending to all Europeans, figured as one of these races and was incorporated as a formal category of both pseudoscientific research and, in countries including the United States, social classification.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpObO9a05p0C&q=caucasian+United+States+social+classification&pg=PA109|title=Culturally Alert Counseling: A Comprehensive Introduction|first=Garrett|last=McAuliffe|date=2018|publisher=Sage|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-4129-1006-4}}</ref>

There was never any scholarly consensus on the delineation between the Caucasian race, including the populations of Europe, and the Mongoloid one, including the populations of East Asia. Thus, [[Carleton S. Coon]] (1939) included the populations native to all of [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[North Asia|Northern Asia]] under the Caucasian label, while [[Thomas Henry Huxley]] (1870) classified the same populations as Mongoloid, and [[Lothrop Stoddard]] (1920) classified as "[[brown people|brown]]" most of the populations of the [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]] and Central Asia, and counted as "White" only the European peoples and their descendants, as well as some populations in parts of [[Anatolia]] and the northern areas of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AOaoAwAAQBAJ&q=Caucasian+race+Morocco,+Algeria+And+Tunisia&pg=PA59|title=Race and America's Immigrant Press: How the Slovaks were Taught to Think Like White People|first=Robert M.|last=Zecker|date=2011|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing US|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-4411-6199-4}}</ref> Some authorities,{{Who|date=August 2015}} following Huxley (1870), distinguished the ''[[Xanthochroi]]'' or "light Whites" of Northern Europe with the ''[[Melanochroi]]'' or "dark Whites" of the Mediterranean.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cbt4OKLs85gC&q=Thomas+Henry+Huxley+Xanthochroi+light+whites|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information|date=30 May 2018|publisher=[Cambridge] University Press|via=Google Books}}</ref>

Although modern [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]] often invoke [[Nazism|Nazi]] iconography on behalf of [[White nationalism]], [[Nazi Germany]] repudiated the idea of a unified White race, instead promoting [[Nordicism]]. In Nazi propaganda, Eastern European [[Slavs]] were often referred to as [[Untermensch]] (subhuman in English), and the relatively under-developed economic status of Eastern European countries such as Poland and the USSR was attributed to the racial inferiority of their inhabitants.<ref>Bendersky, Joseph W. 2007 ''A concise history of Nazi Germany'' Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. pp.161–162.</ref> Fascist Italy took the same view, and both of these nations justified their colonial ambitions in Eastern Europe on racist, anti-Slavic grounds.<ref>Benito Mussolini, Richard Washburn Child, Max Ascoli, Richard Lamb. My rise and fall. Da Capo Press, 1998. pp. 105–106.</ref> These nations were not alone in their view; during the [[long nineteenth century]] and [[interwar period]], there were numerous cases{{snd}}regardless of the position in the [[political spectrum]] of the person{{snd}}where European ethnic groups and nations labeled or treated other Europeans as members of another, somehow "inferior race". Between the Enlightenment era and interwar period, the racist worldviews fit well into the liberal worldview, and they were almost general among the liberal thinkers and politicians.<ref>{{cite book|author=Lionel Steiman|title=Paths to Genocide|year=1997|page=180|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230371330}}</ref>