Editing Victorian era (section)

===Popular culture===
A variety of reading materials grew in popularity during the period, including novels,<ref name="British Library2">{{Cite web |title=Aspects of the Victorian book: the novel |url=http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/victorian/pu_novel.html |access-date=October 23, 2020 |website=British Library |archive-date=24 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524101310/http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/victorian/pu_novel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> women's magazines,<ref name="BritLib-20202">{{Cite web |title=Aspects of the Victorian book: Magazines for Women |url=http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/victorian/pu_magaz.html |access-date=23 October 2020 |website=British Library |archive-date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203044916/http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/victorian/pu_magaz.html |url-status=live }}</ref> children's literature,<ref>{{Cite web |last=McGillis |first=Roderick |date=6 May 2016 |title=Children's Literature - Victorian Literature |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199799558/obo-9780199799558-0088.xml |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Oxford Bibliographies |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031081053/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199799558/obo-9780199799558-0088.xml |url-status=live }}</ref> and newspapers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weiner |first=Joel H. |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=628–630 |chapter=Press, Popular}}</ref> Much literature, including [[chapbook]]s, was distributed on the street.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=Ruth |date=15 May 2014 |title=Street literature |url=https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/street-literature |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422020111/https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/street-literature |archive-date=22 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=British Library}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=Ruth |date=15 May 2014 |title=Chapbooks |url=https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/chapbooks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422024529/https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/chapbooks |archive-date=22 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=British Library}}</ref> Music was also very popular, with genres such as [[folk music]], [[Broadside ballad|broadsides]], [[music hall]]s, [[brass band]]s, [[Theatre music|theater music]] and [[Choir|choral music]] having mass appeal. What is now called [[classical music]] was somewhat undeveloped compared to parts of Europe but did have significant support.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mitchell |first=Sally |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |pages=518–520 |chapter=Music}}</ref> Many sports were introduced or popularised during the Victorian era.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baker |first=William J. |title=The state of British sport history |publisher=Journal of Sport History |year=1983 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=53–66}}</ref> They became important to male identity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maguire |first1=Joe |year=1986 |title=Images of manliness and competing ways of living in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain |journal=International Journal of the History of Sport |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=265–287 |doi=10.1080/02649378608713604}}</ref> Examples included [[cricket]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sandiford |first=Keith A. P. |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=199–200 |chapter=Cricket}}</ref> [[Association football|football]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Seiler |first=Robert M. |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=728–729 |chapter=Soccer}}</ref> [[Rugby football|rugby]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sandiford |first=Keith A. P. |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=685 |chapter=Rugby football}}</ref> [[tennis]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Blouet |first=Olwyn M. |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=791 |chapter=Tennis}}</ref> and [[cycling]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richard |first=Maxwell |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=74–75 |chapter=Bicycle}}</ref> The idea of women participating in sport did not fit well with the Victorian view of femininity, but their involvement did increase as the period progressed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kathleen E. |first=McGrone |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=750–752 |chapter=Sport and Games, Women}}</ref> 

For the middle classes, many leisure activities such as [[Tables game|table games]] could be done in the home while [[Domestic tourism|domestic holidays]] to rural locations such as the [[Lake District]] and [[Scottish Highlands]] were increasingly practical.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Scheuerle H. |first=William |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=17–19 |chapter=Amusements and Recreation: Middle class}}</ref> The working classes had their own culture separate from that of their richer counterparts, various cheaper forms of entertainment and recreational activities provided by [[philanthropy]]. Trips to resorts such as [[Blackpool]] were increasingly popular towards the end of period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Waters |first=Chris |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=19–20 |chapter=Amusements and Recreation: Working class}}</ref>  [[Photography]] became an increasingly accessible and popular part of everyday life.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2010 |title=Photocollages Reveal Wit and Whimsy of the Victorian Era in Metropolitan Museum Exhibition Opening February 2 |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/exhibitions/2010/photocollages-reveal-wit-and-whimsy-of-the-victorian-era-in-metropolitan-museum-exhibition-opening-february-2 |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Initially the industrial revolution increased working hours, but over the course of the 19th century a variety of political and economic changes caused them to fall back down to and in some cases below pre-industrial levels, creating more time for leisure.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cook |first=Bernard A. |title=Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=9780415669726 |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Sally |pages=878–879 |chapter=Working hours}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" mode="packed">
File:NiddMuseum1 Victorian Parlour.jpg|Recreation of a Victorian [[parlour]] at [[Nidderdale Museum]], Yorkshire
File:Halfpenny dinners for poor children in East London. Wellcome L0001135.jpg|Cheap meals for poor children in [[East London]] (1870)
File:The Leisure Hour. 1855. George-Hardy.jpg|''Leisure Hours'' (1855), depiction of a man resting by [[George Hardy (artist)|George Hardy]]
</gallery>