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Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
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====Types==== * [[Synaptic vesicle]]s are located at [[presynaptic terminal]]s in [[neuron]]s and store [[neurotransmitter]]s call [[Quantal neurotransmitter release|quanta]]. When a signal comes down an [[axon]], the synaptic vesicles fuse with the cell membrane releasing the neurotransmitter so that it can be detected by [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] molecules on the next nerve cell. * In animals, [[endocrine system|endocrine tissues]] release [[hormones]] into the bloodstream. These hormones are stored within secretory vesicles. A good example is an endocrine tissue found in the [[islets of Langerhans]] in the [[pancreas]]. This [[tissue (biology)|tissue]] contains many cell types that are defined by which hormones they produce. * Secretory vesicles hold the enzymes that are used to make the [[cell wall]]s of [[plant cell|plants]], [[protist]]s, [[fungi]], [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]] cells as well as the [[extracellular matrix]] of [[animal cell]]s. * Bacteria, [[archaea]], fungi and parasites release membrane vesicles (MVs) containing varied but specialized toxic compounds and biochemical signal molecules, which are transported to target cells to initiate processes in favour of the microbe, which include invasion of host cells and killing of competing microbes in the same niche.<ref name="DeatherageCookson2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Deatherage BL, Cookson BT | title = Membrane vesicle release in bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea: a conserved yet underappreciated aspect of microbial life | journal = Infection and Immunity | volume = 80 | issue = 6 | pages = 1948β57 | date = June 2012 | pmid = 22409932 | pmc = 3370574 | doi = 10.1128/IAI.06014-11 }}</ref>
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