Editing Urinary tract infection (section)

=== Sex ===
Women are more prone to UTIs than men because, in females, the [[urethra]] is much shorter and closer to the [[anus]].<ref name=NA2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dielubanza EJ, Schaeffer AJ | title = Urinary tract infections in women | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 95 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–41 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21095409 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.08.023 | doi-access = free }}</ref> As a woman's estrogen levels decrease with [[menopause]], her risk of urinary tract infections increases due to the loss of protective [[vaginal flora]].<ref name=NA2011/> Additionally, [[vaginal atrophy]] that can sometimes occur after menopause is associated with recurrent urinary tract infections.<ref name="vaginal atrophy">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goldstein I, Dicks B, Kim NN, Hartzell R | title = Multidisciplinary overview of vaginal atrophy and associated genitourinary symptoms in postmenopausal women | journal = Sexual Medicine | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 44–53 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 25356287 | pmc = 4184497 | doi = 10.1002/sm2.17 }}</ref>

Chronic prostatitis in the forms of [[chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome]] and [[chronic bacterial prostatitis]] (not acute bacterial prostatitis or [[asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis]]) may cause recurrent urinary tract infections in males.<!-- <ref name=AFP2016ChronProst/> --> Risk of infections increases as males age.<!-- <ref name=AFP2016ChronProst/> --> While bacteria is commonly present in the urine of older males this does not appear to affect the risk of urinary tract infections.<ref name=AFP2016ChronProst>{{cite journal | vauthors = Holt JD, Garrett WA, McCurry TK, Teichman JM | title = Common Questions About Chronic Prostatitis | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 93 | issue = 4 | pages = 290–296 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26926816 }}</ref>