Editing University of Notre Dame (section)

===Hesburgh era: 1952–1987===
[[File:Touchdown Jesus at Notre Dame.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=The Word of Life, a large mural on the side of the Theodore Hesburgh Library depicting the resurrected Jesus |The [[Hesburgh Library]], decorated by the ''[[Word of Life (mural)|Word of Life]]'' mural.]]
[[Theodore Hesburgh]] served as president for 35 years (1952–1987). Under his presidency, Notre Dame underwent huge growth and transformation from a school mostly known for its football to a top-tier university, academic powerhouse, and preeminent Catholic university.<ref>{{cite web |last1=DePalma |first1=Anthony |title=Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, 97, Dies; Lifted Notre Dame and Advised Presidents |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/28/us/rev-theodore-hesburgh-influential-ex-president-of-notre-dame-dies-at-97.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 |date=February 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Thayer |first1=Kate |title=Theodore Hesburgh a visionary president who transformed Notre Dame |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/chi-theodore-hesburgh-dead-20150227-story.html |website=chicagotribune.com |date=February 27, 2015 |access-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary: Theodore M. Hesburgh / Transformed Notre Dame into academic powerhouse |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2015/02/28/Obituary-Theodore-M-Hesburgh-Transformed-Notre-Dame-into-academic-powerhouse/stories/201502280147 |website=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Father Hesburgh, leader at Notre Dame and in American higher education, dies at 97 |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/02/27/father-hesburgh-leader-notre-dame-and-american-higher-education-dies-97 |website=www.insidehighered.com |access-date=October 22, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18, from $9.7&nbsp;million to $176.6&nbsp;million; the endowment by a factor of 40, from $9&nbsp;million to $350&nbsp;million; and research funding by a factor of 20, from $735,000 to $15&nbsp;million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600; faculty more than doubled from 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Brien |first=Michael|title=Hesburgh: A Biography |location=Washington, DC|publisher=Catholic University of America Press |year=1998|isbn=978-0-8132-1068-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=God, Country, Notre Dame|year=1999|isbn=978-0-268-08804-0|publisher=University of Notre Dame Press|location=Notre Dame, IN|last1=Hesburgh|first1=Theodore M.|last2=Reedy|first2=Jerry}}</ref>

Hesburgh made Notre Dame coeducational. Women had graduated every year since 1917, but they were mostly religious sisters in graduate programs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archives of the University of Notre Dame :: Presidents of the University of Notre Dame |url=http://archives.nd.edu/research/facts/women.htm |publisher=University of Notre Dame |access-date=October 16, 2019}}</ref> In the mid-1960s, Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. "In American college education," explained [[Charles E. Sheedy]], Notre Dame's dean of Arts and Letters, "certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.&nbsp;... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism."<ref>Susan L. Poulson and Loretta P. Higgins, "Gender, Coeducation, and the Transformation of Catholic Identity in American Catholic Higher Education," ''[[Catholic Historical Review]]'' 2003 89(3): 489–510, for quotes.</ref> Two of the residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year,<ref>"Badin Hall". University of Notre Dame. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2008.</ref><ref>"Walsh Hall". University of Notre Dame. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2008.</ref> with two more converted the next school year.<ref>"Breen-Phillips Hall". University of Notre Dame. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2008.</ref><ref>"Farley Hall". University of Notre Dame. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2008.</ref> In 1971, Mary Ann Proctor, a transfer from St. Mary's, became the first female undergraduate. The following year, Mary Davey Bliley became the first woman to graduate from the university, with a bachelor's degree in marketing.<ref>Sienko, Angela. (2007) "[https://magazine.nd.edu/stories/a-hardcover-thank-you-card/ A hardcover thank-you card]". ''Notre Dame Magazine''. Retrieved April 27, 2019.</ref><ref>Therese, Ann (2007). ''Thanking Father Ted: Thirty-Five Years of Notre Dame Coeducation'', [[Andrews McMeel Publishing]], {{ISBN|9780740770302}}. p. 78.</ref> In 1978, a [[Historic district (United States)|historic district]] comprising 21 contributing buildings was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nrhpdoc-ndc">{{cite web |author=James T. Burtchaell |date=November 1976 |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: University of Notre Dame Campus – Main and South Quadrangles |url=https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/shaard/r/1c9d1/N/University_of_Notre_Dame_Campus_Main_and_South_Quadrangles_St._Joseph_CO_Nom.pdf |access-date=October 18, 2017 |publisher=Indiana State Historic Architectural and Archaeological Research Database and [[National Park Service]]}} With {{NRHP url|id=78000053|photos=y|title=seven photos from 1972 to 1976}}. Map of district included with [{{NRHP url|id=78000053}}|text version available at National Park Service].</ref>