Editing United Airlines Flight 93 (section)

===Cockpit transmissions and recordings===
At 09:28:17, ATC employees at Cleveland and the pilots of aircraft in Flight 93's vicinity picked up on "unintelligible sounds of possible screaming or a struggle".<ref name="Chap1"/> A [[Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center|Cleveland air traffic controller]] replied, "Somebody call Cleveland?" but received no response.<ref name="9/11Commission"/> Thirty-five seconds later, the aircraft made another transmission. In both calls, a man was shouting, "[[Mayday (distress signal)|Mayday]]! Mayday! Get out of here! We're all gonna die here!"<ref name="Chap1" /> When Melody Homer and Sandy Dahl, both pilots' widows, listened to the tape, Melody identified First Officer LeRoy Homer as the man who was shouting.<ref name=TheStar>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2011/08/29/im_thinking_about_it_all_the_time_says_canadian_wife_of_flight_93_pilot.html |title='I'm thinking about it all the time,' says Canadian wife of Flight 93 pilot |newspaper=The Toronto Star |date=August 29, 2011 |language=en |access-date=2019-09-07 |archive-date=October 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012234941/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2011/08/29/im_thinking_about_it_all_the_time_says_canadian_wife_of_flight_93_pilot.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Skift>{{Cite web |url=https://skift.com/2013/02/24/united-flight-93-co-pilots-wife-challenges-the-view-of-what-happened-on-911/ |title=United Flight 93 co-pilot's wife says crew wasn't passive |date=2013-02-24 |website=Skift |language=en-US |access-date=2019-09-07 |archive-date=September 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921221141/https://skift.com/2013/02/24/united-flight-93-co-pilots-wife-challenges-the-view-of-what-happened-on-911/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=PhillyTribune>{{Cite web |url=https://www.phillytrib.com/news/wife-remembers-pilot-who-died-in-flight/article_61ce2c6a-7761-5f00-a938-7872a144761e.html |title=Wife remembers pilot, who died in Flight 93 |last=Mitchell |first=John N. |website=The Philadelphia Tribune |date=September 11, 2011 |language=en |access-date=2019-09-07 |archive-date=November 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107032241/https://www.phillytrib.com/news/wife-remembers-pilot-who-died-in-flight/article_61ce2c6a-7761-5f00-a938-7872a144761e.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mitchell" />{{rp|153}}

The aircraft dropped {{convert|685|ft|m}} in thirty seconds before the hijackers stabilized it. On the morning of September 11, Flight{{spaces}}93 was the only hijacked aircraft to broadcast a distress call. It is likely that because the pilots had been made aware of the suicide attacks on the World Trade Center and to be on alert for cockpit intrusion, when they came under attack, they keyed the microphone so the struggle might be overheard by controllers on the ground. Cleveland Center air traffic controller John Werth believed it was not just a call for help but a warning.<ref name="Mitchell" />{{rp|81–82}}

The exact time at which Flight{{spaces}}93 came under the hijackers' control cannot be determined. Officials believe that at around 09:28, the hijackers killed Mark Rothenberg,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/26/arts/united-93-and-the-politics-of-heroism.html |title='United 93' and the politics of heroism |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 26, 2006 |last1=Longman |first1=Jere}}</ref> assaulted the cockpit, and moved the remaining passengers and crew to the rear of the plane to minimize any chance that either the crew or the passengers would interfere with the attack.<ref name="9/11Commission"/> With many passengers saying in phone calls that they saw only three hijackers, the 9/11 Commission believed Jarrah remained seated until after the cockpit was seized and passengers were moved to the back of the aircraft and then took over the flight controls out of sight of the passengers.<ref name="Chap1"/>

{{listen | help = no | filename = Ziad1.ogg | title = Jarrah – 09:31:57 | description = First announcement made by Ziad Jarrah. | format = Ogg | filename2 = Ziad2.ogg | title2 = Jarrah – 09:39:11 | description2 = Second announcement made by Ziad Jarrah. | format2 = Ogg}}
The [[cockpit voice recorder]] began recording the final thirty minutes of Flight{{spaces}}93 at 09:31:57.<ref name="Trans93">{{cite web |url=http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2006/images/04/12/flight93.transcript.pdf |title=United Airlines Flight No.93 Cockpit Voice Recorder Transcript |access-date=July 4, 2009 |date=April 12, 2006 |publisher=[[CNN]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208160527/http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2006/images/04/12/flight93.transcript.pdf |archive-date=December 8, 2013}}</ref> At this moment, it recorded Jarrah announcing, "Ladies and gentlemen: here the captain.{{sic}} Please sit down, keep remaining seating.{{sic}} We have a bomb on board. So sit."<ref>{{cite news |last=Hirschkorn |first=Phil |title=On tape, passengers heard trying to retake cockpit |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/12/moussaoui.trial/ |date=April 12, 2006 |work=CNN |access-date=June 23, 2008 |archive-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501233708/http://www.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/12/moussaoui.trial/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The commission believed Jarrah tried to make an announcement to the passengers, but pressed the wrong button, sending the message to Cleveland controllers; Mohamed Atta had made the same error on Flight 11.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ntsb.gov/about/Documents/Flight_Path_Study_AA11.pdf |title=Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 11 |publisher=www.ntsb.gov |access-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-date=November 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105103018/http://www.ntsb.gov/about/Documents/Flight_Path_Study_AA11.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The controller understood the transmission, but responded, "Calling Cleveland center, you're unreadable. Say again, slowly."<ref name="NPR1">{{cite news |title=Timeline for United Airlines Flight 93 |newspaper=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1962910 |date=June 17, 2004 |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |access-date=August 24, 2008 |archive-date=November 20, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041120084438/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1962910 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The flight recordings indicate that a wounded man, believed to be Dahl, was moaning in the cockpit.<ref name="Top">{{cite web |url=https://www.sfgate.com/politics/joegarofoli/article/United-pilot-s-widow-defends-crew-s-role-in-9-11-2520381.php |title=United pilot's widow defends crew's role in 9/11 / Former flight attendant has been waiting 4 1/2 years to tell of Flight 93's final minutes |publisher=Sfgate.com |date=2006-04-13 |access-date=2021-06-11 |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215513/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/joegarofoli/article/United-pilot-s-widow-defends-crew-s-role-in-9-11-2520381.php |url-status=live}}</ref> The man pleaded, "No more," or "No," repeatedly, as the hijackers shouted for him to sit down and to stop touching something.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/technology/2006/04/12/flight-93-recording-played-at-moussaoui-trial/62691895-26b8-4d5f-91ca-4a8e5aff21b4/ |title='Flight 93 Recording Played at Moussaoui Trial' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Dwyer |first1=Timothy |last2=Markon |first2=Jerry |last3=Branigin |first3=William |date=April 12, 2006 |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622165824/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/technology/2006/04/12/flight-93-recording-played-at-moussaoui-trial/62691895-26b8-4d5f-91ca-4a8e5aff21b4/}}</ref> Sandy believes that Dahl took actions to interfere with the hijackers, including possibly disengaging the autopilot, and rerouting the plane's radio frequency so that Jarrah's attempts to communicate with the passengers were instead transmitted to air traffic controllers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.summitdaily.com/news/wife-of-911-pilot-says-he-was-alive-when-plane-crashed/ |title=Wife of 9/11 pilot says he was alive when plane crashed |work=Summit Daily News |date=April 13, 2006 |access-date=2021-06-11 |archive-date=June 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603090053/https://www.summitdaily.com/news/wife-of-911-pilot-says-he-was-alive-when-plane-crashed/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Flight 93 Pilot's Wife Recalls Terror of Recording |url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=1838257 |date=April 13, 2006 |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=August 24, 2008 |archive-date=April 19, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060419002008/http://www.abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=1838257 |url-status=live}}</ref> A woman, thought to be first-class flight attendant Debbie Welsh, is heard being held captive in the background and is heard struggling with the hijackers and pleading, "Please, please, don't hurt me."<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news |last=Lewis |first=Neil A |title=Final Struggles on 9/11 Plane Fill Courtroom |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/13/us/13moussaoui.html |date=2006-04-13 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2008-08-24 |archive-date=May 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517162803/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/13/us/13moussaoui.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Jarrah instructed the autopilot to turn the plane and head east at 09:35:09.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Nation Challenged: The Tapes; ''Voices From the Sky'' |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E3DF163EF935A25753C1A9679C8B63 |date=October 16, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 24, 2008 |archive-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309184206/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/16/us/a-nation-challenged-the-tapes-voices-from-the-sky.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The aircraft ascended to {{convert|40700|ft|m}} and air traffic controllers immediately moved several aircraft out of Flight{{spaces}}93's flightpath.<ref name="NPR1"/> The woman in the cockpit is heard to say, "I don't want to die, I don't want to die" before being killed or otherwise silenced, followed by one of the hijackers saying in Arabic, "Everything is fine. I finished."<ref name="NYT1"/>

At 09:39, two minutes after Flight 77 impacted the Pentagon, air traffic controllers overheard Jarrah say, "Ah, here's the captain:{{sic}} I would like you all to remain seated. We have a bomb aboard, and we are going back to the airport, and we have our demands. So please remain quiet."<ref name="Trans93"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Transcript: Paula Zahn Now |date=April 12, 2006 |work=CNN |url=https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/pzn/date/2006-04-12/segment/01 |access-date=April 5, 2010 |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021015137/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/12/pzn.01.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Air traffic controllers did not hear from the flight again. According to the commission, the hijackers could have learned of the successful attacks on the World Trade Center from messages being sent by United Airlines to the cockpits of its transcontinental flights, including Flight 93, warning of cockpit intrusion and telling of the New York attacks.<ref name="Chap1"/>

In the cockpit, the wounded man continued to moan and seemingly repeatedly disengaged the autopilot,<ref name="Gonzalez">{{cite news |last=Gonzales |first=Manny |url=http://www.denverpost.com/2006/04/12/flight-93-tape-horror-heroics/ |title=Flight 93 tape: Horror, heroics |newspaper=The Denver Post |date=May 8, 2016 |access-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220212617/https://www.denverpost.com/2006/04/12/flight-93-tape-horror-heroics/ |url-status=live}}</ref> as at 09:40, there were horn sounds that indicated the hijackers were having trouble with the autopilot and were fiddling with a green knob. "This green knob?" one of the hijackers asks the other in Arabic. Another hijacker responded, "Yes, that's the one."<ref name="Gonzalez"/> At 09:41:56, the wounded man, in a moaning tone, said, "Oh, man!".<ref name="Mitchell" />{{rp|96}} As the man continued moaning, the hijackers were heard to say "Inform them, and tell him to talk to the pilot; bring the pilot back". As the moaning man was thought to be Dahl, the hijackers might have possibly been referring to Homer, suggesting he was also still alive.<ref name=TheStar/><ref name=Skift/><ref name=PhillyTribune/><ref name="Mitchell" />{{rp|96}} A United employee in [[San Francisco]] sent an ACARS message to the flight at 09:46, "Heard report of incident. Plz confirm all is normal."<ref name="9/11Commission"/>