Editing Ultranationalism (section)

=== Formerly represented in national governments or legislatures ===
*'''{{flag|Belgium}}''': [[Vlaams Blok]]<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the Low Countries|page=229|quote=The ultranationalist Vlaams Blok|year=2018|first=Paul|last=Arblaster}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Bulgaria}}''': [[Attack (political party)|Attack]],<ref>{{Cite book|first=Stefanos |last=Katsikas |title=Negotiating Diplomacy in the New Europe: Foreign Policy in Post-Communist Bulgaria |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2011 |page=64}}</ref> [[IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement|VMRO]],<ref name="VMRO">{{cite news |date= 20 May 2021 |title= Ultra-nationalists, populists form 'Bulgarian Patriots' alliance for July elections |url= https://sofiaglobe.com/2021/05/20/ultra-nationalists-populists-form-bulgarian-patriots-alliance-for-july-elections/ |work= The Sofia Globe |access-date= 17 June 2021 |quote= Ultra-nationalist parties VMRO and the National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria, along with populists Volya, have agreed to stand together in Bulgaria's July 11, 2021 parliamentary elections under the name "Bulgarian Patriots", the parties announced on May 20.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Vacuum at the top threatens to hinder Bulgaria's progress |url= https://www.ft.com/content/2b259a24-9a05-11e6-8f9b-70e3cabccfae?ftcamp=published_links%2Frss%2Fworld_europe%2Ffeed%2F%2Fproduct |work= Financial Times (FT) |access-date= 17 June 2021}}</ref> [[National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria]],<ref name="VMRO"/> [[Velichie]]<ref>{{cite news|work=UniCredit|url=https://www.research.unicredit.eu/DocsKey/emergingmarkets_docs_2024_186684.ashx?EXT=pdf&KEY=l6KjPzSYBBGzROuioxedUNdVqq1wFeRoEejps0NeT8gCVKLelBa_pw==&T=1|page=21|quote=Another ultra-nationalist, Eurosceptic, populist party, Grandeur (Velichie)|title=New pro-European government to try to end political impasse|date=26 June 2024}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Cambodia|1975}}''': [[Communist Party of Kampuchea]]<ref name="Dunst 2018"/>
* '''{{flag|Croatia}}''': [[Ustaše]],<ref>{{cite book|page=194|publisher=Lit|first=Karlo|last=Ruzicic-Kessler|title=From the Industrial Revolution to World War II in East Central Europe|year=2011|quote=the ultra-nationalist Ustase of Ante Pavelic}}</ref> [[Croatian Party of Rights]],<ref name="Routledge">{{cite book |last1=Davies |first1=Peter |last2=Lynch |first2=Derek |title=The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right |date=2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-13460-952-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1-iXGKN1AK4C&pg=PT345}}</ref> [[Croatian Pure Party of Rights]]<ref name="Routledge"/>
* '''{{flag|Czech Republic}}''': [[Rally for the Republic – Republican Party of Czechoslovakia]],<ref>{{cite book|page=105|quote=the ultranationalist Coalition for Republic-Republican Party of Czechoslovakia|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2013|title=Turkey and the European Union|first=Firat|last=Cengiz}}</ref> [[National Fascist Community]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Political Parties of Europe: Albania-Norway|year=1983|publisher=Greenwood Press|page=149}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Finland}}''': [[Patriotic People's Movement]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Scandinavia during the Second World War|page=25|quote=The fascist-inspired, ultranationalist IKL (the Patriotic People's Movement)|publisher=Universitetsforlaget|first=Henrik|last=Nissen|year=1983}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Germany}}''': [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]],<ref>{{cite book|title= Fascism Through History: Culture, Ideology, and Daily Life|first=Patrick|last=Zander|year=2020|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=314|quote=In Germany, the pressures of the depression helped the ultranationalist Nazi Party come to power by 1933}}</ref> [[German National People's Party]],<ref>{{cite book|page=163|quote=The chief political party of the ultranationalist right was the DNVP|title=A History of Fascism, 1914–1945|year=1996|first=Stanley|last=Payne|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press}}</ref> [[German Right Party]]<ref>{{cite book|quote=The German Reich Party (conservative ultra-nationalist), which sent five members to the Federal Parliament in 1949|year=1952|page=17|title=Germany's New Nazis|publisher=Philosophical Library}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Greece}}''': [[Freethinkers' Party]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Sites of the Dictators|first=Xose|last=Nunez|year=2021|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> [[Golden Dawn (political party)|Golden Dawn]],<ref>{{Citation |first=Emmanouil |last=Tsatsanis |title=Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece |journal=Journal of Political Ideologies |volume=16 |issue=1 |year=2011 |pages=11–31 |doi=10.1080/13569317.2011.540939 |s2cid=143633586 |quote=...and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group ''Chrysi Avgi'').}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Elisabeth |last=Ivarsflaten |title=Reputational Shields: Why Most Anti-Immigrant Parties Failed in Western Europe, 1980–2005 |publisher=Nuffield College, University of Oxford |year=2006 |page=15 |url=http://www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk/Politics/papers/2006/ivarsflatenapsa2006.pdf}}</ref><ref>[http://world.time.com/2012/10/31/on-the-road-with-golden-dawn-greeces-ultra-nationalist-party/ On the Road with Golden Dawn, Greece's Ultra-Nationalist Party]. ''Time''. Published 31 October 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2017.</ref> [[Popular Orthodox Rally]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Ekathimerini|title=LAOS chief accuses PASOK, ND of betraying the country|date=9 April 2012|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/140718/laos-chief-accuses-pasok-nd-of-betraying-the-country/}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Hungary}}''': [[Arrow Cross Party]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Sabrina|last=Ramet|title=Protestantism and Politics in Eastern Europe and Russia|page=113|year=1992|publisher=Duke University Press|quote=the ultranationalist Arrow Cross Party}}</ref> [[Unity Party (Hungary)|Unity Party]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Journey through the Ages|year=2019|first=MB|last=Nair|publisher=Notion Press}}</ref> [[Hungarian Justice and Life Party]]<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Benchmark Books|title=Hungary|year=2005|first=Richard|last=Esbenshade|page=37|quote=A new ultranationalist, extremist party, the Hungarian Justice and Life Party}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|India}}''': [[Hindu Mahasabha]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Problems of Genocide|page=367|year=2021|first= A. Dirk|last=Moses|quote=the ultranationalist Hindu Mahasabha revivalist movement|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Iran}}''': [[Pan-Iranist Party]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boroujerdi |first1=Mehrzad |last2=Rahimkhani |first2=Kourosh |title=Postrevolutionary Iran: A Political Handbook |date=2018 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |page=344}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Israel}}''': [[Kach (political party)|Kach]],<ref name="Weinblum2015">{{cite book|first=Sharon|last=Weinblum|title=Security and Defensive Democracy in Israel: A Critical Approach to Political Discourse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DtyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PR10|year= 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-58450-6|page=10}}</ref> [[Religious Zionist Party]],<ref>[https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/296180 Religious Zionism, Otzma Yehudit parties to run together], ''Arutz7''</ref> [[Tehiya]],<ref>{{cite book|quote=the ultranationalist Tehiya Party|page=447|first=Bernard|last=Reich|year=2008|title=Historical Dictionary of Israel|publisher=Scarecrow Press}}</ref> [[Moledet]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Myron|last=Aronoff|publisher=Taylor & Francis|title=Power and Ritual in the Israel Labor Party|year=2015|quote=Rehavim Zeevi, leader of the Ultranationalist Moledet (Homeland) Party}}</ref> [[Hatikva (political party)|Hatikva]],<ref>{{cite book|title=The Power of Populism|quote=the ultranationalist Aryeh Eldad's Hatikva party|year=2016|first=Koen|last=Vossen|page=81|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> [[Jewish National Front]],<ref name="orangecamp">{{cite book|page=50|title=Civil Organizations and Protest Movements in Israel|first=David|last=Khalfa|year=2009|quote=The ultranationalist Right is represented by little political parties that compose the "orange camp," dedicated to retaining all parts of the “remained Land of Israel” at any cost: Benny Elon's HaIchud Haleumi, Baruch Marzel's Jewish National Front, and Mikael Kleiner's Herut party.|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan}}</ref> [[Herut – The National Movement]]<ref name="orangecamp"/>
*'''{{flag|Italy}}''': [[National Fascist Party]],<ref>{{cite book|year=2015|first=Allan|last=Todd|quote=Mussolini later formed the far-right ultra-nationalist Fascist Party|title=European States in the Interwar Years (1918-1939)|page=19|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> [[Italian Social Movement]]<ref>{{cite book|quote=the ultranationalist traditions of the old MSI|year=2004|title=Monetary Union in Crisis|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|first=Bernhard|last=Moss}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Japan}}''': [[Imperial Rule Assistance Association]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=James R. |editor-last=Brandon |title=Kabuki's Forgotten War: 1931-1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Cqu7HjqVtoC&dq=ultranationalist+Imperial+Rule+Assistance+Association&pg=PA113 |quote= .2 All existing political parties "voluntarily" dissolved themselves, replaced by a single authorized political body, the ultranationalist Imperial Rule Assistance Association. |date=2009 |page=113 |publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|isbn=9780824832001 }}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Poland}}''': [[Camp of National Unity]],<ref>{{cite book|title=The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right|year=2005|publisher=Taylor & Francis|first=Peter|last=Davies|page=23}}</ref> [[United Poland]]<ref>{{cite news|work=GZERO|title=Malaysian PM hopeful, Mozambique needs EU help vs ISIS, Polish fur politics|url=https://www.gzeromedia.com/what-were-watching-malaysian-pm-hopeful-mozambique-needs-eu-help-vs-isis-polish-fur-politics|date=23 September 2020|quote=The leader of United Poland, the ultranationalist Zbigniew Ziobro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=[[Green European Journal]]|title=Poland's High-Stakes Parliamentary Elections|date=15 February 2023|url=https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/polands-high-stakes-parliamentary-elections/|quote=PiS’ junior coalition partner is the ultra-nationalist and anti-EU party United Poland}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Portugal}}''': [[National Union (Portugal)|National Union]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=The União Nacional in Cabo Verde, 1937-1945: Local Politics in an Imperial Political Party|journal=Portuguese Literary & Cultural Studies |url=https://ojs.library.umassd.edu/index.php/plcs/article/download/PLCS36_37_Amado_page129/1361/5217|quote=The União Nacional was initially founded as a “patriotic league,” tasked with buttressing support for the military regime. Upon assuming power in 1932, Salazar reengineered the party to his ideological and political image to stand on the twin pillars of ultranationalism and corporativism|first=Abel|last=Djassi Amado|page=132}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Philippines}}''': [[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Villegas |first=Bernardo M. |author-link=Bernardo Villegas |date=1958-02-01 |title=The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos Era |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article/27/2/194/22346/The-Philippines-in-1986-Democratic-Reconstruction |journal=Asian Survey |language=en |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=194–205 |doi=10.2307/2644614 |jstor=2644614 |issn=0004-4687 |quote="Finally, at the extreme right is the reorganized Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) under Nicanor Yniguez, which remains loyal to Marcos."}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Romania}}''': [[Iron Guard]],<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Liverpool University Press|page=42|quote=The Iron Guard was the ultra-nationalist, anti-Semitic, fascist movement and political party in Romania|first=Elisabeta|last=Zelinska|year=2013|title=Racism Postcolonialism Europe}}</ref> [[National Christian Party]],<ref>{{cite book|quote=King Carol II appointed a government from one of the wings of the ultranationalist movement, namely the National Christian Party led by Octavian Goga|title=Fascism and Criminal Law|year=2015|page=112|publisher=Bloomsbury|first=Cosmin|last=Cercel}}</ref> [[National-Christian Defense League]],<ref>{{cite journal|first=Roland|last=Clark|title=From Elite Pamphleteers to Social Movement Protagonists: Antisemitic Activism in 1920s Romania|year=2019|journal=Studies on National Movements|volume=4 |issue=4|doi=10.21825/snm.85386 |s2cid=197814926 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Romanian National Unity Party]],<ref>{{cite book|year=2001|page=169|title=Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-Communist Europe|quote=Romania also witnessed cooperation between the ex-Communist PDSR and the ultra-nationalist National Unity Party}}</ref> [[Greater Romania Party]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia|first=Edmond|last=Coleman|page=63|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|quote=the ultranationalist Greater Romania Party}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Rwanda}}''': [[Coalition for the Defence of the Republic]]<ref>{{cite journal|issue=51–54|title=Rwanda|journal=CovertAction Quarterly|quote=The CDR is an ultranationalist Hutu party|year=1994|page=12}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Serbia}}''': [[Serbian Radical Party]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1230/p07s01-woeu.html|title=Serbian Radical Party surge may complicate reform|website=Christian Science Monitor|first=Peter|last=Ford|year=2018|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref> [[Party of Serbian Unity]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/12/24/serbia.arkan/index.html|title=Warlord's party hopeful of winning seats|date=24 December 2020|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zeljko-Raznatovic|title=Željko Ražnatović|publisher=Britannica|website=britannica.com|date=12 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name="BW">{{cite journal|title=The Continuing Presence of the Extreme Right in Post-Milošević Serbia|date=December 2008|last=Wiesinger|first=Barbara|journal=Balkanologie|volume=11|issue=1–2|doi=10.4000/balkanologie.1363|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Dveri]],<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|title=The Far-Right Parties Keeping The Serbian President In Check Over Ukraine
|date=5 June 2022|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/serbia-far-right-russia-sanctions/31884417.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-05-31|title=Mladic on his way to UN war crimes tribunal|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110531-judges-decide-mladic-war-crimes-extradition-appeal-srebrenica|access-date=2021-06-19|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Serbia's pro-EU populists win vote, initial projections show|url=https://apnews.com/article/9f04e6378a1c4dccb6982fccd87dc5cd|access-date=2021-06-19|website=AP NEWS|date=24 April 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Armakolas|first1=Ioannis|last2=Maksimović|first2=Maja|date=May 2013|title=The Beginning of the End for the Kosovo Problem? The Agreement on Normalisation of Relations between Belgrade and Pristina and its Aftermath|url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/165156/BN1.pdf|access-date=19 June 2021|website=ETH Zürich}}</ref> [[Serbian Party Oathkeepers]]<ref name="ultranationalism"/><ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2020 |title=Digitalni šovinizam na Fejsbuku: Dani srpskih nacionalističkih mrmota |url=https://voice.org.rs/digitalni-sovinizam-na-fejsbuku-dani-srpskih-nacionalistickih-mrmota/ |website=voice.org.rs |publisher=VOICE |language=Serbian}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Slovakia}}''': [[Slovak People's Party]],<ref>{{Cite book|page=244|title=Genocide and Fascism|quote=The SLS was an ultranationalist, socially conservative, strongly anticommunist and anti-Semitic (albeit in the rather conventional 'anti-Jewish/Bolshevik' form) Catholic political movement|year=2008|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> [[People's Party Our Slovakia]],<ref>{{cite news|work=[[New York Times]]|date=17 December 2016|title=Not Even a Prosperous Slovakia Is Immune to Doubts About the E.U.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/17/world/europe/slovakia-european-union-populists-migrants.html}}</ref> [[Republic (Slovakia)|Republic]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Atlantic Council|title=Slovakia risks becoming another Hungary-style EU spoiler. How should the West respond?|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/slovakia-risks-becoming-another-hungary-style-eu-spoiler-how-should-the-west-respond/|date=23 December 2022}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|South Africa|1928}}''': [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Starring Mandela and Cosby: Media and the End(s) of Apartheid|url=https://archive.org/details/starringmandelac00krab|url-access=limited|first=Ron|last=Krabill|year=2010|page=[https://archive.org/details/starringmandelac00krab/page/n65 51]|publisher=University of Chicago Press}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|South Korea}}''': [[Korean National Youth Association|National Youth]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=46626&docId=541989&categoryId=46626|title=이범석 |website=Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia|language=ko|trans-title=Lee Bum Suk|access-date=2019-05-17}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Spain|1945}}''': [[FET y de las JONS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30831069.pdf|title=The Extreme Right in Spain - Surviving in the Shadow of Franco|publisher=Hedda Samdahl Weltz|date=2014|website=core.ac.uk}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Syria|1980}}''': [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region]]<ref>{{cite news|quote=Assad, like Saddam Hussein of Iraq, is a member of a wing of the Ba’ath Party, an ultra-nationalist, Arab supremacist party that calls for an Arab-led dictatorship|url=https://dckurd.org/2020/03/24/between-erdogan-and-assad-kurds-remain-reliable-ally/|date=24 March 2020|title=Between Erdogan and Assad, Kurds remain reliable ally|work=[[Washington Kurdish Institute]]}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=May 2025}}
* '''{{flag|Taiwan}}''': [[New Party (Taiwan)|New Party]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Dafydd Fell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8hHDwAAQBAJ&dq=The+NP%27s+shift+to+extreme+nationalist&pg=RA1-PT162 |title=Government and Politics in Taiwan |date=January 22, 2018 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-317-28506-9 |quote=The NP's shift to extreme nationalist positions after the late 1990s was also a reaction to the widespread departure of party moderates and subsequent domination by extremists. In the case of the NP, it appears that defeats no longer have any effect; instead, it operates consistently.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Gunter Schubert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxIzDAAAQBAJ&dq=taiwan+NP+extreme+nationalist&pg=PT201 |title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Taiwan |date=May 20, 2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-66969-2 |quote=... the rise of Chinese nationalist radicals in the NP after 1997 meant the party continued its move towards more extreme positions even after electoral setbacks (Fell 2006b: 47-67)}}</ref> [[Taiwan Solidarity Union]]<ref>{{cite book |title=American Journal of Chinese Studies |date=2005 |publisher=American Association for Chinese Studies |pages=12 |quote=... Taiwan Solidarity Union (an ultranationalist pro-independence party created by former president Lee Teng-hui) won ...}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Turkey}}''': [[Republican Villagers Nation Party]],<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Indiana University|title=Taming the Gray Wolf|quote=Türkeş reorganized the CKMP with an ultranationalist agenda|page=10|first=Gregory|last=Burris|year=2007}}</ref> [[Victory Party (Turkey)|Victory Party]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-03-28 |title=Four candidates officially running in Turkey's 2023 presidential elections |url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/four-candidates-officially-running-in-turkeys-2023-presidential-elections-news-62103 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Balkan Insights |language=tr-TR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-03-28 |title=Four candidates officially running in Turkey's 2023 presidential elections |url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/four-candidates-officially-running-in-turkeys-2023-presidential-elections-news-62103 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Duvar English |language=tr-TR}}</ref> [[Great Union Party]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Göçek |first1=Fatma Müge |author1-link=Fatma Müge Göçek |title=Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789-2009 |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-933420-9  |language=en|page=402|title-link=Denial of Violence }}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Ukraine}}''': [[Right Sector]]<ref>{{cite news|date=28 April 2014|title=Profile: Ukraine's ultra-nationalist Right Sector|work=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27173857|access-date=1 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|year=2014|title=Ukraine|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/ukraine.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612211142/http://parties-and-elections.eu/ukraine.html|archive-date=12 June 2018|access-date=6 September 2018|website=Parties and Elections in Europe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Far-Right Leader To Advise Ukraine Army |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-yarosh-muilitary-adviser/26941352.html |access-date=2022-05-22 |newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=6 April 2015 |language=en}}</ref>