Editing Tumor suppressor gene (section)

=== Viral methods ===
The viral method of transferring genetic material harnesses the power of [[virus]]es.<ref name=":10" />  By using viruses that are durable to genetic material alterations, viral methods of gene therapy for tumor suppressor genes have shown to be successful.<ref name=":8">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nayerossadat N, Maedeh T, Ali PA | title = Viral and nonviral delivery systems for gene delivery | journal = Advanced Biomedical Research | volume = 1 | pages = 27 | date = 2012-07-06 | pmid = 23210086 | pmc = 3507026 | doi = 10.4103/2277-9175.98152 | doi-access = free }}</ref> In this method, [[Vectors in gene therapy|vectors]] from viruses are used. The two most commonly used vectors are [[adenoviral]] [[Vectors in gene therapy|vectors]] and [[Adeno-associated virus|adeno-associated]] vectors. [[In vitro]] genetic manipulation of these types of vectors is easy and [[in vivo]] application is relatively safe compared to other vectors.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":7">{{cite journal | vauthors = Guo XE, Ngo B, Modrek AS, Lee WH | title = Targeting tumor suppressor networks for cancer therapeutics | journal = Current Drug Targets | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 2–16 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24387338 | pmc = 4032821 | doi = 10.2174/1389450114666140106095151 }}</ref> Before the vectors are inserted into the [[Neoplasm|tumors]] of the host, they are prepared by having the parts of their genome that control [[DNA replication|replication]] either [[Mutation|mutated]] or deleted. This makes them safer for [[Insertion (genetics)|insertion]]. Then, the desired genetic material is inserted and [[ligation (molecular biology)|ligated]] to the vector.<ref name=":8" /> In the case with tumor suppressor genes, genetic material which encodes [[p53]] has been used successfully, which after application, has shown reduction in [[Neoplasm|tumor]] growth or [[Cell growth|proliferation]].<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9">{{cite journal | vauthors = Morris LG, Chan TA | title = Therapeutic targeting of tumor suppressor genes | journal = Cancer | volume = 121 | issue = 9 | pages = 1357–1368 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25557041 | pmc = 4526158 | doi = 10.1002/cncr.29140 }}</ref>