Editing Tuff (section)

===Intermediate volcanism===
Andesitic tuffs are exceedingly common. They occur along the whole chain of the [[American Cordillera|Cordilleras]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Donnelly-Nolan |first1=Julie M. |last2=Nolan |first2=K. Michael |title=Catastrophic flooding and eruption of ash-flow tuff at Medicine Lake volcano, California |journal=Geology |date=1 October 1986 |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=875–878 |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<875:CFAEOA>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=1986Geo....14..875D }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nokleberg |first1=Warren J. |last2=Jones |first2=David L. |last3=Silberling |first3=Norman J. |title=Origin and tectonic evolution of the Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska |journal=GSA Bulletin |date=1 October 1985 |volume=96 |issue=10 |pages=1251–1270 |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1251:OATEOT>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=1985GSAB...96.1251N }}</ref> and [[Andes]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grunder |first1=Anita L. |author-link1=Anita Grunder|title=Low ?18O silicic volcanic rocks at the Calabozos caldera complex, southern Andes: Evidence for upper-crustal contamination |journal=Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology |date=1987 |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=71–81 |doi=10.1007/BF00518031|s2cid=128952431 }}</ref> in the [[West Indies]], New Zealand,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cronin |first1=Shane J. |last2=Neall |first2=Vincent E. |last3=Palmer |first3=Alan S. |title=Geological history of the north-eastern ring plain of Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand |journal=Quaternary International |date=January 1996 |volume=34-36 |pages=21–28 |doi=10.1016/1040-6182(95)00066-6|bibcode=1996QuInt..34...21C }}</ref> Japan,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tatsumi |first1=Yoshiyuki |last2=Ishizaka |first2=Kyoichi |title=Magnesian andesite and basalt from Shodo-Shima Island, southwest Japan, and their bearing on the genesis of calc-alkaline andesites |journal=Lithos |date=April 1982 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=161–172 |doi=10.1016/0024-4937(82)90007-X|bibcode=1982Litho..15..161T }}</ref> etc. In the [[Lake District]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oertel |first1=G. |title=Deformation of a Slaty, Lapillar Tuff in the Lake District, England |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |date=1970 |volume=81 |issue=4 |page=1173 |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1173:DOASLT]2.0.CO;2|bibcode=1970GSAB...81.1173O }}</ref> North Wales, [[Lorne, Scotland|Lorne]], the [[Pentland Hills]], the [[Cheviots]], and many other districts of [[Great Britain]], ancient rocks of exactly similar nature are abundant. In color, they are red or brown; their scoriae fragments are of all sizes from huge blocks down to minute granular dust. The cavities are filled with many secondary minerals, such as [[calcite]], [[Chlorite group|chlorite]], quartz, [[epidote]], or chalcedony; in microscopic sections, though, the nature of the original lava can nearly always be made out from the shapes and properties of the little crystals which occur in the decomposed glassy base. Even in the smallest details, these ancient tuffs have a complete resemblance to the modern ash beds of [[Cotopaxi]], [[Krakatoa]], and Mont Pelé.<ref name=EB1911/>