Editing Tsetse fly (section)

===Hosts===
Overall [[Suidae]] are the most important hosts. [[Waterbuck]] (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'') are unmolested by ''Glossina''<ref name="FAO-distro" /><ref name="Glasgow-1967">{{cite journal |last=Glasgow |first=J. P. |year=1967 |title=Recent Fundamental Work on Tsetse Flies |journal=[[Annual Review of Entomology]] |publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=421–438 |doi=10.1146/annurev.en.12.010167.002225 |issn=0066-4170 |pmid=5340724}}</ref> because they produce [[Volatile organic compound#Biologically generated VOCs|volatiles]] which act as [[Insect repellent|repellents]]. Waterbuck odor volatiles are under testing and development as repellents to protect [[livestock]].<ref name="Abro-et-al-2021">{{cite journal |last1=Abro |first1=Zewdu |last2=Kassie |first2=Menale |last3=Muriithi |first3=Beatrice |last4=Okal |first4=Michael |last5=Masiga |first5=Daniel |last6=Wanda |first6=Gift |last7=Gisèle |first7=Ouedraogo |last8=Samuel |first8=Abah |last9=Nguertoum |first9=Etienne |last10=Nina |first10=Rock Aimé |last11=Mansinsa |first11=Philémon |last12=Adam |first12=Yahaya |last13=Camara |first13=Mamadou |last14=Olet |first14=Pamela |last15=Boucader |first15=Diarra |display-authors=5 |date=2021-07-20 |editor-last=Simuunza |editor-first=Martin Chtolongo |title=The potential economic benefits of controlling trypanosomiasis using waterbuck repellent blend in sub-Saharan Africa |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |publisher=[[Public Library of Science]] |volume=16 |issue=7 |page=e0254558 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1654558A |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0254558 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8291668 |pmid=34283848 |id=MK [[ORCID]] [http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-2432 0000-0002-6754-2432] |doi-access=free |last16=Jamal |first16=Susana |last17=Garba |first17=Abdoul Razak Issa |last18=Ajakaiye |first18=Joseph Joachim |last19=Kinani |first19=Jean Felix |last20=Hassan |first20=Mohamed Adam |last21=Nonga |first21=Hezron |last22=Daffa |first22=Joyce |last23=Gidudu |first23=Ambrose |last24=Chilongo |first24=Kalinga}}</ref><ref name="Cook-et-al-2007">{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=Samantha M. |last2=Khan |first2=Zeyaur R. |last3=Pickett |first3=John A. |year=2007 |title=The Use of Push-Pull Strategies in Integrated Pest Management |journal=[[Annual Review of Entomology]] |publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=375–400 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091407 |issn=0066-4170 |pmid=16968206 |s2cid=23463014}}</ref>{{rp|Suppl T1}} By species, bloodmeals are derived from:<ref name="FAO-distro">{{cite web | title=Tsetse biology, systematics and distribution, techniques | website=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the [[United Nations]] | url=https://www.fao.org/3/p5178e/P5178E06.htm | access-date=2021-02-20 | archive-date=30 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130072337/https://www.fao.org/3/p5178e/P5178E06.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Species
!Hosts
|-
|''[[Glossina swynnertoni|G. swynnertoni]]''
|
* 60{{endash}}70% from [[warthog]]
* ~8% from [[giraffe]]
|-
|''[[Glossina austeni|G. austeni]]'' 
|
* 50{{endash}}60% from [[bushpig]]
* ~33% from [[Bovidae]]
* possibly 10% from various [[duiker]]
|-
|''[[Glossina fuscipleuris|G. fuscipleuris]]'' 
|
* 65% from bushpig and [[giant forest hog]]
* up to 20% from [[hippopotamus]]
|-
|''[[Glossina tabaniformis|G. tabaniformis]]'' 
|
* 70% from [[red river hog]]
* >7% from [[Old World porcupine|porcupine]]s
|-
|''[[Glossina morsitans|G. morsitans]]''
|
* 30{{endash}}45% from warthog
* 25{{endash}}40% from various Bovidae, especially [[kudu]], [[African buffalo|buffalo]], [[Cape bushbuck|bushbuck]], and [[Taurotragus|eland]], most especially [[domestic cattle]]
* ~2% from [[hartebeest]]
|-
|''[[Glossina fusca|G. fusca]]'' 
|
* 55{{endash}}90% from [[Cape bushbuck|bushbuck]]
* 15% from red river hog
* ~12% from [[aardvark]]
|-
|''[[Glossina brevipalpis|G. brevipalpis]]'' 
|
* up to 40% (high variability with geography) from bushpig
* up to 36% from hippopotamus
* ~25% from Bovidae, especially buffalo and bushbuck
|-
|''[[Glossina palpalis|G. palpalis]]'' 
|
* ~3% from wild Suidae, more substantial amounts from [[domestic pig|domestic Suidae]] when available
* ~20{{endash}}40% from Bovidae (including domestic cattle) depending on geography
* ~10% from waterside birds including [[cormorant]]s
* 25{{endash}}30% from ''[[Varanus]]'' and [[crocodile]] (possibly higher in natural settings
* 50% from crocodile in particular locations)
|-
|''[[Glossina fuscipes|G. fuscipes]]''
|
* ~3% from wild Suidae
* ~20{{endash}}40% from Bovidae (including domestic cattle) depending on geography
* ~10% from waterside birds including [[cormorant]]s
* 25{{endash}}30% from ''[[Varanus]]'' and [[crocodile]] (possibly higher in natural settings)
|-
|''[[Glossina tachinoides|G. tachinoides]]''
|
* ~3% from wild Suidae, more substantial amounts from [[domestic pig|domestic Suidae]] when available
* ~20{{endash}}40% from Bovidae (including domestic cattle) depending on geography
* >7% from porcupines
|-
|''[[Glossina pallidipes|G. pallidipes]]'' 
|
* 55{{endash}}90% from [[Cape bushbuck|bushbuck]]
|-
|''[[Glossina longipalpis|G. longipalpis]]''
|
* 55{{endash}}90% from [[Cape bushbuck|bushbuck]]
|-
|''[[Glossina longipennis|G. longipennis]]'' 
|
* unusually dependant (~60%) on [[rhinoceros]]
* ~20% from Bovidae
* variably up to 12% from [[elephant]]
* up to 7% from [[ostrich]]
|-
|''[[Glossina morsitans submorsitans|G. m. submorsitans]]''
|
* ~6% from various birds excluding ostrich
|}