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True Grit (1969 film)
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=== Filming === Hathaway says he decided to make the film like "a fairytale... a fantasy that I couched in as realistic terms as possible."<ref name="hen">{{cite magazine|magazine=Take One|first=Scott|last=Eyman|title='I made movies' an interview with Henry Hathaway|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_take-one_september-october-1974_5_1/page/8/mode/1up|date=September–October 1974|page=12}}</ref> Filming took place mainly in [[Ouray County, Colorado]], in the vicinity of [[Ridgway, Colorado|Ridgway]] (now the home of the True Grit Cafe), around the town of [[Montrose, Colorado|Montrose]] (in Montrose County), and the town of [[Ouray, Colorado|Ouray]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Higgins |first1=Jim |first2=Shirley Rose |last2=Higgins |title=Movie Fan's Guide to Travel |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=March 22, 1970 |page=H14 }}</ref>{{sfn|Shepherd|Slatzer|Grayson|2002|p=274}}<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EUP9rOLf30| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211118/0EUP9rOLf30| archive-date=2021-11-18 | url-status=live|publisher=[[YouTube]]|author=JeepsterGal|date=October 3, 2007|access-date=July 18, 2018|title=John Wayne in True Grit, Then and Now, Extended Video}}{{cbignore}}</ref> (The script maintains the novel's references to place names in Arkansas and Oklahoma, in dramatic contrast to the Colorado topography.) The courtroom scenes were filmed at Ouray County Courthouse in Ouray.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parry |first=Will H. |title=Born-Again Boom Town |publisher=[[Copley Press|Copley News Service]] |newspaper=[[Moscow-Pullman Daily News]] |page=5D |date=November 22, 1990 }}</ref>{{sfn|Gelbert|2002|p=44}} [[File:Ouray County CO Court House 1881 2006 01 13.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Ouray County Courthouse, constructed in 1888]] The scenes that take place at the "dugout" and along the creek where Quincy and Moon are killed, as well as the scene where Rooster carries Mattie on her horse Little Blackie after the snakebite, were filmed at Hot Creek on the east side of the Sierra Nevada near the town of [[Mammoth Lakes, California]]. [[Mount Morrison (California)|Mount Morrison]] and [[Laurel Mountain (California)|Laurel Mountain]] form the backdrop above the creek. This location was also used in ''[[North to Alaska]]''.{{sfn|Shepherd|Slatzer|Grayson|2002|p=274}} Filming was done from September to December 1968.{{sfn|McGhee|1990|p=361}} Veteran John Wayne stunt-double Tom Gosnell does the stunt in the meadow, where "Bo" goes down, on his longtime horse Twinkle Toes.<ref name=SRWF>{{cite news |title=Stuntman Recalls Wayne Friendship |newspaper=[[Kingman Daily Miner]] |agency=Associated Press |date=June 15, 1979 |page=A5 }}</ref> In the last scene, Mattie gives Rooster her father's gun. She comments that he has gotten a tall horse, as she expected he would. He notes that his new horse can jump a four-rail fence. Then she admonishes him, "You're too old and fat to be jumping horses." Rooster responds with a smile, saying, "Well, come see a fat old man sometime," and jumps his new horse over a four-rail fence. Although many of Wayne's stunts over the years were done by [[Chuck Hayward]] and [[Chuck Roberson]], it is Wayne on Twinkle Toes going over the fence.<ref name=SRWF/> This stunt had been left to the last shot as Wayne wanted to do it himself and following his lung surgery in 1965, neither Hathaway nor Wayne was sure he could make the jump. Darby's stunts were done by Polly Burson.<ref>{{cite news |last=De Witt |first=Barbara |title=How the West was won: fearless women on horseback |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]] |date=March 11, 1995 }}</ref> The horse shown during the final scene of ''True Grit'' (before he jumps the fence on Twinkle Toes) was Dollor, a two-year-old (in 1969) chestnut Quarter Horse gelding. Dollor ('Ol Dollor) was Wayne's favorite horse for 10 years. Wayne fell in love with the horse, which carried him through several more Westerns, including his final movie, ''[[The Shootist]]''. Wayne had Dollor written into the script of ''The Shootist'' because of his love for the horse; it was a condition for him working on the project. Wayne would not let anyone else ride the horse, the lone exception being [[Robert Wagner]], who rode the horse in a segment of the ''[[Hart to Hart]]'' television show, after Wayne's death.<ref>{{cite news |last=Whiteside |first=John |date=January 19, 1985 |title=The Duke's Horse Keeps Special Bond |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun Times]] }}</ref> [[Image:True-Grit.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[John Wayne]] as [[Rooster Cogburn (character)|Rooster Cogburn]]]]By the time the picture got back to the studio interiors, Kim Darby told Hal Wallis she would never work for Hathaway again. John Wayne was another matter. "He was wonderful to work with, he really was", said Darby. "When you work with someone who's a big star as he is ... there's an unspoken thing that they sort of set the environment for the working conditions on the set and the feeling on the set. And he creates an environment that is very safe to work in. He's very supportive of the people around him and the people he works with, very supportive. He's really a reflection, an honest reflection, of what he really is. I mean that's what you see on the screen. He's simple and direct, and I love that in his work."{{sfn|Eyman|2014|p=447}} Surrounded by an angry director, a nervous actress, and the inexperienced Glen Campbell, Wayne took the reins between his teeth the same way Rooster Cogburn does in the climax of the film. "He was there on the set before anyone else and knew every line perfectly", said Kim Darby.{{sfn|Eyman|2014|p=445}} Both Wayne and Hathaway had difficulties with [[Robert Duvall]], with the director having constant shouting matches with his supporting actor, and Duvall and Wayne nearly coming to blows. Hathaway says Campbell "was so damn lazy" and had troubles with Darby ("I had to stop her from acting funny".)<ref name="hen"/>
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