Editing Trichuris trichiura (section)

==Treatment of inflammatory disorders==
{{Main|Helminthic therapy}}
The [[hygiene hypothesis]] suggests that various immunological disorders that have been observed in humans only within the last 100 years, such as [[Crohn's disease]], or that have become more common during that period as hygienic practices have become more widespread, may result from a lack of exposure to parasitic worms ([[helminths]]) during childhood. The use of ''[[Trichuris suis]]'' ova (TSO, or pig whipworm eggs) by Weinstock, et al., as a therapy for treating Crohn's disease<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hunter MM, McKay DM |title=Review article: helminths as therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel disease |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=167–77 |year=2004 |pmid=14723608 |doi=10.1111/j.0269-2813.2004.01803.x|s2cid=73016367 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="pmid15591509">{{cite journal |vauthors=Summers RW, Elliott DE, Urban JF, Thompson R, Weinstock JV |title=Trichuris suis therapy in Crohn's disease |journal=Gut |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=87–90 |year=2005 |pmid=15591509 |pmc=1774382 |doi=10.1136/gut.2004.041749}}</ref><ref name="pmid14499784">{{cite journal |vauthors=Summers RW, Elliott DE, Qadir K, Urban JF, Thompson R, Weinstock JV |title=Trichuris suis seems to be safe and possibly effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=98 |issue=9 |pages=2034–41 |year=2003 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07660.x |pmid=14499784 |citeseerx=10.1.1.457.8633 |s2cid=2605979 }}</ref> and to a lesser extent [[ulcerative colitis]]<ref>{{cite journal | title = Helminths as governors of inflammatory bowel disease | journal = Gut | date = March 2008 | first = J | last = Buning | pmid = 18628388 | volume = 57 | issue = 8 | pages = 1182–1183| doi =  10.1136/gut.2008.152355 | s2cid = 29967284 | quote = in our patient Treg [regulatory T cells] activated by helminthosis [T. suis infestation] were most likely the key element protecting a host with latent ulcerative colitis against development of a severe protcocolitis. (1183)|display-authors=etal}}</ref> are two examples that support this hypothesis. There is also anecdotal evidence that treatment of [[inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD) with TSO decreases the incidence of [[asthma]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asthmahookworm.com |title=Helminthic Therapy: How to put your Asthma, Colitis, IBD, Crohn's or Multiple Sclerosis into remission with hookworm |publisher=Asthmahookworm.com |access-date=2009-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805233443/http://asthmahookworm.com/ |archive-date=2009-08-05 |url-status=dead }}{{self-published source|date=June 2015}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=June 2015}} [[allergy]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allergizer.com/50226711/trichuris_suis_ova_tso_therapy_to_treat_food_allergies.php |title=Allergies: Trichuris suis Ova (TSO) Therapy to Treat Food Allergies |publisher=Allergizer.com |access-date=2009-05-19 |archive-date=2009-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512190910/http://www.allergizer.com/50226711/trichuris_suis_ova_tso_therapy_to_treat_food_allergies.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> and other inflammatory disorders.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bager|first1=Peter|last2=Kapel|first2=Christian|last3=Roepstorff|first3=Allan|last4=Thamsborg|first4=Stig|last5=Arnved|first5=John|last6=Rønborg|first6=Steen|last7=Kristensen|first7=Bjarne|last8=Poulsen|first8=Lars K.|last9=Wohlfahrt|first9=Jan|date=2011-08-02|title=Symptoms after Ingestion of Pig Whipworm Trichuris suis Eggs in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=8|pages=e22346|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0022346|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3149054|pmid=21829616|bibcode=2011PLoSO...622346B|doi-access=free}}</ref> Some scientific evidence suggests that the course of [[multiple sclerosis]] may be very favorably altered by helminth infection;<ref name="pmid17230481">{{cite journal |vauthors=Correale J, Farez M |title=Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis |journal=Annals of Neurology |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=97–108 |year=2007 |pmid=17230481 |doi=10.1002/ana.21067|s2cid=1033417 }}</ref> TSO is being studied as a treatment for this disease.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1329983/asphelia_announces_initiation_of_an_independent_tso_trial_for_multiple/index.html |title=Asphelia Announces Initiation of an Independent TSO Trial for Multiple Sclerosis |publisher=redOrbit |date=2008-04-07 |access-date=2009-05-19 |archive-date=2023-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829063103/https://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1329983/asphelia_announces_initiation_of_an_independent_tso_trial_for_multiple/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Klaver |first1=Elsenoor J. |last2=Kuijk |first2=Loes M. |last3=Laan |first3=Lisa C. |last4=Kringel |first4=Helene |last5=van Vliet |first5=Sandra J. |last6=Bouma |first6=Gerd |last7=Cummings |first7=Richard D. |last8=Kraal |first8=Georg |last9=van Die |first9=Irma |title=Trichuris suis-induced modulation of human dendritic cell function is glycan-mediated |journal=International Journal for Parasitology |volume=43 |issue=3–4 |pages=191–200 |year=2013 |pmid=23220043 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.10.021 |doi-access=free }}</ref>