Editing Treaty of Lausanne (section)

==Declaration of Amnesty==
[[File:Treaty of Lausanne Declaration of Amnesty.pdf|thumb|150px|Declaration of Amnesty]]
Annex VIII to the treaty, called "Declaration of Amnesty", granted immunity to the perpetrators of any crimes "connected to political events" committed between 1914 and 1922.<ref>''The American Journal of International Law'', Vol. 18., No. 2, Supplement:Official Documents (Apr. 1924), pp. 92–95.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Scharf |first=Michael |date=1996 |title=The Letter of the Law: The Scope of the International Legal Obligation to Prosecute Human Rights Crimes |url=https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=lcp |journal=Law and Contemporary Problems |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=41–61 |doi=10.2307/1192189 |issn=0023-9186 |jstor=1192189 |quote=Initially, the Allied Powers sought the prosecution of those responsible for the massacres. The Treaty of Sevres, which was signed on August 10, 1920, would have required the Turkish Government to hand over those responsible to the Allied Powers for trial. Treaty of Peace between the Allied Powers and Turkey [Treaty of Sevres], art. 230, at 235, Aug. 10, 1920, reprinted in 15 AM. J. INT'L L. 179 (Supp 1921). "The Treaty of Sevres was, however, not ratified and did not come into force. It was replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne, which not only did not contain provisions respecting the punishment of war crimes, but was accompanied by a 'Declaration of Amnesty' of all offenses committed between 1914 and 1922." Treaty of Peace between the Allied Powers and Turkey [Treaty of Lausanne], July 24, 1923, League of Nations Treaty Series 11, reprinted in 18 AM. J. INT'L L. 1 (Supp. 1924). 99. |access-date=17 December 2020 |archive-date=19 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719183245/https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=lcp |url-status=live }}</ref> The treaty thus put an end to the [[Prosecution of Ottoman war criminals after World War I|effort to prosecute Ottoman war criminals]] for crimes such as the [[Armenian genocide]], the [[Sayfo]], the [[Greek genocide]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lattanzi |first=Flavia |title=The Armenian Massacres of 1915–1916 a Hundred Years Later |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-78169-3_3 |date=2018 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-78169-3 |series=Studies in the History of Law and Justice |volume=15 |pages=27–104 |language=en |chapter=The Armenian Massacres as the Murder of a Nation? |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-78169-3_3 |access-date=27 November 2020 |archive-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321220531/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-78169-3_3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Marchesi |first=Antonio |title=The Armenian Massacres of 1915–1916 a Hundred Years Later: Open Questions and Tentative Answers in International Law |date=2018 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-78169-3 |pages=143–160 |language=en |chapter=Metz Yeghern and the Origin of International Norms on the Punishment of Crimes}}</ref> and codified [[impunity]] for these crimes.<ref name="Dadrian">{{Cite journal |last=Dadrian |first=Vahakn |date=1998 |title=The Historical and Legal Interconnections Between the Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust: From Impunity to Retributive Justice |url=https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjil/vol23/iss2/5/ |journal=Yale Journal of International Law |volume=23 |issue=2 |issn=0889-7743 |quote=After expunging all references to Armenian massacres (and, indeed, to Armenia itself) from the draft version, they signed the Lausanne Peace Treaty, thus helping to codify impunity by ignoring the Armenian genocide. The international law flowing from this treaty, while a sham in reality, lent an aura of respectability to impunity because the imprimatur of a peace conference was attached to it. A French jurist observed that the treaty was an "assurance" for impunity for the crime of massacre; indeed, it was a "glorification" of the crime in which an entire race, the Armenians, was "systematically exterminated." For his part, David Lloyd George, wartime Prime Minister of Great Britain, found it appropriate to vent his ire when he was out of power: He declared the Western Allies' conduct at the Lausanne Conference to be "abject, cowardly and infamous." A creature of political deal-making, the Lausanne Treaty was a triumph of the principle of impunity over the principle of retributive justice. |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=3 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203160836/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjil/vol23/iss2/5/ |url-status=live }}</ref>