Editing Transport in Norway (section)

==Road transport==
{{See also|Road signs in Norway|Vehicle registration plates of Norway|Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway}}

Norway has a [[road]] network of {{convert|92946|km|mi}}, of which {{convert|72033|km|mi}} are paved and {{convert|664|km|mi}} are [[motorway]].<ref name=cia>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/norway/ |title=Norway |author=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2008 |access-date=2008-07-15 |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> There are four tiers of road routes; national, county, municipal and private, with national and primary county roads numbered en route. The most important national routes are part of the [[International E-road network|European route]] scheme, and the two most prominent are the [[European route E6|E6]] going north-south through the entire country, while [[European route E39|E39]] follows the West Coast. An improved E39 coastal highway is currently under development to improve the route and reduce the driving time from 21 hours. It is expected to be completed in 2033 with a series of new [[tunnel]]s and [[bridge]]s, including [[Rogfast]], a {{convert|27|km}} under sea tunnel that will link [[Stavanger]] and [[Haugesund]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theb1m.com/video/norways-47bn-coastal-highway|title=Norway's $47BN Coastal Highway}}</ref> National and county roads are managed by the [[Norwegian Public Roads Administration]].<ref>Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications, 2003: 15</ref>

[[File:Gjemnesbrua-Norway.JPG|thumb|[[Gjemnessund Bridge]] is part of the [[Kristiansund Mainland Connection]].]]

Motorways exist around the largest cities; many of the larger cities have introduced [[toll road|toll schemes]] to help finance roads.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://design.open.ac.uk/potter/documents/NorwayTP.pdf |title=Norway's urban toll rings: evolving towards congestion charging? |author=Ieromanachou, Potter and Warren |access-date=2008-07-16}}</ref> In 2008, 130 ferry routes remained in service, operated by private companies on contract with the Public Roads Administration.<ref>Norwegian Public Roads Administration, 2008: 7</ref> Since the 1970s the heaviest rural investments have been mainland connections to replace the many car ferries that are needed to cross fjords and connect to islands. There are not enough funding through tax money, so these tunnels and bridges are normally financed mainly through toll fees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norvegfinans.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects.exe/norveg.woa/wa/selectDASub1page?sub1pageID=70&langID=1 |title=Bompengeanlegg |author=Norvegfinans |access-date=2008-07-16 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929001807/http://www.norvegfinans.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects.exe/norveg.woa/wa/selectDASub1page?sub1pageID=70&langID=1 |archive-date=September 29, 2007 }}</ref> Some [[mountain pass]]es have severe [[Winter storm|snowstorm]] problems in the winter, so often they have to be closed, or cars have to drive after a [[snowplow]] in a column.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vegvesen.no/cs/Satellite?cid=1157615706672&pagename=vegvesen/SVVartikkel/SVVartikkelMedRelatert&c=SVVartikkel |title=Kolonnekjøring |author=Norwegian Public Road Administration |access-date=2008-07-16 |language=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502190440/http://www.vegvesen.no/cs/Satellite?cid=1157615706672&pagename=vegvesen%2FSVVartikkel%2FSVVartikkelMedRelatert&c=SVVartikkel |archive-date=2008-05-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The most exposed mountain passes are closed the entire winter.

[[File:Nissan Leaf in bus lanes Norway.jpg|thumb|Norway has the largest stock of [[plug-in electric vehicle]]s per capita in the world.]]

In 2007 there were 2.6 million [[automobile]]s in Norway, or 444 per 1000 residents, an increase of 27% the last ten years—average age was 10.2 years. Road accidents killed 242 people and road transport caused 20% of [[greenhouse gas emissions]].<ref name=sntrans /> Between 2007 and 2011, [[Diesel engine|diesel cars]] constituted over 70% of new cars, and fell to 40% in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.acea.be/statistics/tag/category/share-of-diesel-in-new-passenger-cars |title=Share of Diesel in New Passenger Cars - Click Norway, mouseover for numbers |publisher=[[European Automobile Manufacturers Association]] |date=25 April 2016 |access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref> Trucks transported 264 million tonnes 15 billion tonne kilometers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/lbunasj/tab-2008-07-02-01.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910132811/http://www.ssb.no/lbunasj/tab-2008-07-02-01.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-10 |title=Lastebilundersøkelsen |author=Statistics Norway |access-date=2008-07-16 |language=no }}</ref>

Norway has the world's largest registered stock of [[plug-in electric vehicles in Norway|plug-in electric vehicles per capita]], with [[Oslo]] recognized as the EV capital of the world.<ref name=NorwayLargest>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/electric-cars-take-off-in-norway-2284439.html|title=Electric cars take off in Norway|author=Agence France-Presse|author-link=Agence France-Presse|work=[[The Independent]]|date=2011-05-15|access-date=2011-10-09|archive-date=2011-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517153515/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/electric-cars-take-off-in-norway-2284439.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=AVERE>{{cite web|url=http://www.avere.org/www/newsMgr.php?action=view&frmNewsId=611&section=&type=&SGLSESSID=tqiice0pmjdclt7l4q0s3s1o27|title=Norwegian Parliament extends electric car {{sic|nolink=y|iniatives}} until 2018|author=European Association for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (AVERE)|publisher=AVERE|date=2012-09-03|access-date=2013-04-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024170630/http://www.avere.org/www/newsMgr.php?action=view&frmNewsId=611&section=&type=&SGLSESSID=tqiice0pmjdclt7l4q0s3s1o27|archive-date=2013-10-24}}</ref><ref name=NorwaySales2011>{{cite web|url=http://gronnbil.no/nyheter/eventyrlig-elbilsalg-i-2011-article218-239.html|title=Eventyrlig elbilsalg i 2011|trans-title=Adventurous electric vehicle sales in 2011|author=Ole Henrik Hannisdahl|publisher=Grønn bil|date=2012-01-09|access-date=2012-01-14|language=no|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207090813/http://gronnbil.no/nyheter/eventyrlig-elbilsalg-i-2011-article218-239.html|archive-date=2012-02-07}} ''See table "Elbilsalg i 2011 fordelt på måned og merke" (Electric vehicle sales in 2011, by month and brand) to see monthly sales for 2011.''</ref> In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over 1 in every 100 passenger cars on the roads is a plug-in electric.<ref name=NorwayEVSales032014>{{cite web|url=http://www.gronnbil.no/nyheter/elbilsalget-i-mars-slo-alle-rekorder-article380-239.html|title=Elbilsalget i mars slo alle rekorder|language=no|trans-title=Electric vehicle sales in March broke all records|author=Staff|publisher=Grønn bil|date=2014-04-02|access-date=2014-04-03|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405182251/http://www.gronnbil.no/nyheter/elbilsalget-i-mars-slo-alle-rekorder-article380-239.html|archive-date=2014-04-05}}</ref> Norway's fleet of electric cars is one of the cleanest in the world because almost 100% of the electricity generated in the country comes from [[hydropower]].<ref name=Reuters032013>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cars-norway-idUSBRE92C0K020130313 |title=Norway shows the way with electric cars, but at what cost? |author=Alister Doyle and Nerijus Adomaitis |work=[[Reuters]] |date=2013-03-13 |access-date=2013-03-15 |archive-date=2013-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315054320/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/13/us-cars-norway-idUSBRE92C0K020130313 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2014|12|post=,}} a total of 43,442 [[plug-in electric vehicle]]s were registered in Norway, of which, almost 95% are all-electric vehicles.<ref name=NorwayStat>{{cite web |url=http://www.gronnbil.no/statistikk/ |title=Ladbare biler i Norge des, 2014 |language=no |trans-title=Rechargeable cars in Norway December 2014 |publisher=Grønn bil |date=January 2015 |access-date=2015-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117122144/http://www.gronnbil.no/statistikk/|archive-date=2015-01-17}} ''Click on the bar graph {{lang|no|Registrerte biler|italic=no}} and select {{lang|no|12 mnd|italic=no}} for registrations for each year. Registrations include new and used imports.  Move the mouse over each bar to show the sales split between all-electric and plug-in hybrids by year.''</ref> The Norwegian plug-in electric segment has the world's highest [[market share]] of new car sales, with 5.6% in 2013, and 12.5% {{as of|2014|alt=in 2014|post=.}}<ref name=Top6Global2013>{{cite web |url=http://www.hybridcars.com/top-6-plug-in-car-adopting-countries/ |title=Top 6 Plug-In Vehicle Adopting Countries |author=Jeff Cobb |publisher=HybridCars.com |date=2014-01-16 |access-date=2015-01-28 |archive-date=2015-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221092202/http://www.hybridcars.com/top-6-plug-in-car-adopting-countries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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===Bus transport===
Each county is responsible for the public bus and boat transport in their area,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/sd/tema/kollektivtransport/Lokal-kollektivtransport.html?id=426187 |title=Lokal kollektivtransport |author=Norwegian Ministry of Transport |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no}}</ref> (railways, regional airlines and the [[Hurtigruten|Coastal Express]] boat, are financed by the state).<ref name=minpt /> Buses transported 290 million passengers 3.7 billion passenger kilometers in 2007.<ref name=statpt07>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/10/12/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-01.html |title=Kollektivtransport |author=Statistics Norway |date=2008-01-03 |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101213241/http://www.ssb.no/emner/10/12/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-01.html |archive-date=January 1, 2009 }}</ref> 6,194  buses were in operation during 2007; tickets sales was NOK 3,721 million while bus transport received government subsidies of NOK 3,393 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-02.html |title=Buss |author=Statistics Norway |date=2008-01-03 |access-date=2008-07-16 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101213306/http://www.ssb.no/kolltrans/tab-2008-01-03-02.html |archive-date=January 1, 2009 }}</ref>

[[Bus]] and [[Water taxi|passenger boat]] services are normally operated by private companies on contract with the county or their public transport authority (such as [[Ruter]] or [[Vestviken Kollektivtrafikk]]). Tickets and tickets prices are organised by these authorities. Some of them have special brand names and connected painting of the buses, especially in bigger cities. Other counties, especially smaller, don't use brand names and let the operators decide bus paint.

Long-haul coach services are operated by various companies, most of whom cooperate through [[NOR-WAY Bussekspress]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nor-way.no/wsp/nbe/frontend.cgi?session=d0e5ccde8f8843e7778e7f8c97e78f&func=publish.show&table=PUBLISH&func_id=1116&asubmenu=1116 |title=Selskapene |author=NOR-WAY Bussekspress |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=no |author-link=NOR-WAY Bussekspress }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> In Northern Norway (mostly from [[Fauske Municipality]] and further north) long-haul buses are operated by the counties.