Editing Trade (section)

====Indo-Pacific====
{{Main|Maritime Jade Road|Maritime Silk Road}}
[[File:Austronesian maritime trade network in the Indian Ocean.png|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] [[Spice trade|proto-historic]] and [[Maritime Silk Road|historic]] maritime trade network in the [[Indian Ocean]]<ref name="Manguin2016">{{cite book|first1 =Pierre-Yves|last1 =Manguin|editor1-first =Gwyn|editor1-last =Campbell|title =Early Exchange between Africa and the Wider Indian Ocean World|chapter =Austronesian Shipping in the Indian Ocean: From Outrigger Boats to Trading Ships|publisher =Palgrave Macmillan|year =2016|pages =51–76|isbn =9783319338224|chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=XsvDDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|access-date =2020-10-29|archive-date =2020-07-26|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200726132202/https://books.google.com/books?id=XsvDDQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA50|url-status =live}}</ref>]]

The first true maritime trade network in the Indian Ocean was by the [[Austronesian peoples]] of [[Island Southeast Asia]].<ref name="Manguin2016"/> Initiated by the indigenous peoples of [[Taiwan]] and the [[Philippines]], the [[Maritime Jade Road]] was an extensive trading network connecting multiple areas in Southeast and East Asia. Its primary products were made of jade mined from Taiwan by [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples]] and processed mostly in the Philippines by indigenous Filipinos, especially in [[Batanes]], [[Luzon]], and [[Palawan]]. Some were also processed in [[Vietnam]], while the peoples of [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], [[Singapore]], [[Thailand]], [[Indonesia]], and [[Cambodia]] also participated in the massive trading network. The maritime road is one of the most extensive sea-based trade networks of a single geological material in the prehistoric world. It was in existence for at least 3,000 years, where its peak production was from 2000 BCE to 500 CE, older than the [[Silk Road]] in mainland Eurasia and the later [[Maritime Silk Road]]. The Maritime Jade Road began to wane during its final centuries from 500 CE until 1000 CE. The entire period of the network was a golden age for the diverse societies of the region.<ref>Tsang, Cheng-hwa (2000), "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan", Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 20: 153–158, {{doi|10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751}}.</ref><ref>Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan's relations with the Philippines date back millennia, so it's a mystery that it's not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan Times.</ref><ref>Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.</ref><ref>Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). "Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction". Semantic Scholar.</ref>

Sea-faring Southeast Asians also established trade routes with [[Southern India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] as early as 1500 BC, ushering an exchange of material culture (like [[catamaran]]s, [[outrigger boat]]s, sewn-plank boats, and paan) and [[cultigen]]s (like [[coconut]]s, [[sandalwood]], [[banana]]s, and [[sugarcane]]); as well as connecting the material cultures of India and China. [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|Indonesians]], in particular were trading in spices (mainly [[cinnamon]] and [[Cassia bark|cassia]]) with [[East Africa]] using [[catamaran]] and [[outrigger boat]]s and sailing with the help of the [[Westerlies]] in the Indian Ocean. This trade network expanded to reach as far as Africa and the [[Arabian Peninsula]], resulting in the Austronesian colonization of [[Madagascar]] by the first half of the first millennium AD. It continued up to historic times, later becoming the Maritime Silk Road.<ref name="Manguin2016"/><ref name="Doran1974">{{cite journal |last1=Doran | first1=Edwin Jr. |title=Outrigger Ages |journal=The Journal of the Polynesian Society |date=1974 |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=130–140 |url=http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_83_1974/Volume_83%2C_No._2/Outrigger_ages%2C_by_Edwin_Doran_Jnr.%2C_p_130-140/p1 |access-date=2019-07-14 |archive-date=2019-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608182436/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_83_1974/Volume_83,_No._2/Outrigger_ages,_by_Edwin_Doran_Jnr.,_p_130-140/p1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mahdi1999">{{cite book|author=Mahdi, Waruno|editor =Blench, Roger |editor2=Spriggs, Matthew|title =Archaeology and Language III: Artefacts languages, and texts|chapter =The Dispersal of Austronesian boat forms in the Indian Ocean|volume = 34|publisher =Routledge|series =One World Archaeology |year =1999|pages=144–179|isbn =0415100542}}</ref><ref name="Doran1981">{{cite book |last1=Doran |first1=Edwin B. |title=Wangka: Austronesian Canoe Origins |date=1981 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=978-0890961070}}</ref><ref name="BlenchFruits">{{cite journal |last1=Blench |first1=Roger |title=Fruits and arboriculture in the Indo-Pacific region |journal=Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association |date=2004 |volume=24 |issue=The Taipei Papers (Volume 2) |pages=31–50 |url=https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/BIPPA/article/viewFile/11869/10496 |access-date=2019-07-14 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308161216/https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/BIPPA/article/viewFile/11869/10496 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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====The Orient====
Archaeological evidence (Greenberg 1951) of the first use of trade-marks are from China dated about 2700 BCE.<ref>AS Greenberg – J. Pat. Off. Soc'y, 1951 – HeinOnline</ref>-->