Editing Tourmaline (section)

== Chemical composition ==
[[File:Elbaite with albite - São José da Safira, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg|thumb|upright|Elbaite]]
The tourmaline mineral group is chemically one of the most complicated groups of [[silicate minerals]]. Its composition varies widely because of [[Multiple isomorphous replacement|isomorphous replacement]] (solid solution), and its general formula can be written as {{chem2|XY3Z6(T6O18)(BO3)3V3W}}, where:<ref>Hawthorne, F.C. & Henry, D.J. (1999). [http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/11/2/201 "Classification of the minerals of the tourmaline group"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016064718/http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/11/2/201 |date=2007-10-16 }}. ''European Journal of Mineralogy'', 11, pp. 201–215.</ref>

* X = [[calcium|Ca]], [[sodium|Na]], [[potassium|K]], [[vacancy defect|▢ = vacancy]]
* Y = [[lithium|Li]], [[magnesium|Mg]], [[iron|Fe]]<sup>2+</sup>, [[manganese|Mn]]<sup>2+</sup>, [[zinc|Zn]], [[aluminium|Al]], [[chromium|Cr]]<sup>3+</sup>, [[vanadium|V]]<sup>3+</sup>, [[iron|Fe]]<sup>3+</sup>, [[titanium|Ti]]<sup>4+</sup>, [[vacancy defect|▢ = vacancy]]
* Z = Mg, Al, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>3+</sup>
* T = [[silicon|Si]], Al, [[boron|B]]
* B = B, [[vacancy defect|▢ = vacancy]]
* V = [[oxygen|O]][[hydrogen|H]], O
* W = OH, [[fluorine|F]], O

{| class="wikitable"
|+ The 41 minerals in the group (endmember formulas) recognized by the [[International Mineralogical Association]]

|-
! Species Name
! Ideal Endmember Formula
! IMA Number
! Symbol
|-
| [[Adachiite]]
| CaFe<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>(Si<sub>5</sub>AlO<sub>18</sub>)(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| 2012-101
| Adc
|-
| [[Alumino-oxy-rossmanite]]
| ▢Al<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>(Si<sub>5</sub>AlO<sub>18</sub>)(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2020-008
| Aorsm
|-
| [[Bosiite]]
| NaFe<sup>3+</sup><sub>3</sub>(Al<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2014-094
| Bos
|-
| [[Celleriite]]
| ▢(Mn<sup>2+</sup><sub>2</sub>Al)Al<sub>6</sub>(Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>)(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>(OH)
| 2019-089
| Cll
|-
| [[Chromium-dravite]]
| NaMg<sub>3</sub>Cr<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| 1982-055
| Cdrv
|-
| [[Chromo-alumino-povondraite]]
| NaCr<sub>3</sub>(Al<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2013-089
| Capov
|-
| [[Darrellhenryite]]
| NaLiAl<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2012-026
| Dhry
|-
| [[#Chemical composition|Dravite]]
| NaMg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| - 1884 -
| Drv
|-
| [[Dutrowite]]
| Na(Fe<sub>2.5</sub>Ti<sub>0.5</sub>)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2019-082
| Dtw
|-
| [[Elbaite]]
|Na(Li<sub>1.5</sub>,Al<sub>1.5</sub>)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| - 1913 -
| Elb
|-
| [[Ertlite]]
|NaAl<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>(Si<sub>4</sub>B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>18</sub>)(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2023-086
| Etl
|-
| [[Ferro-bosiite]]
| NaFe<sup>3+</sup><sub>3</sub>(Al<sub>4</sub>Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2022-069
| Fbos
|-
| [[Feruvite]]
| CaFe<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>(MgAl<sub>5</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| 1987-057
| Fer
|-
| [[Fluor-buergerite]]
| NaFe<sup>3+</sup><sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>F
| 1965-005
| Fbu
|-
| [[Fluor-dravite]]
| NaMg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>F
| 2009-089
| Fdrv
|-
| [[Fluor-elbaite]]
| Na(Li<sub>1.5</sub>,Al<sub>1.5</sub>)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>F
| 2011-071
| Felb
|-
| [[Fluor-liddicoatite]]
| Ca(Li<sub>2</sub>,Al)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>F
| 1976-041{{efn|Named 'liddicoatite' in 1976; renamed to fluor-liddicoatite by the IMA in 2011}}
| Fld
|-
| [[Fluor-rossmanite]]
| ▢(LiAl<sub>2</sub>)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>F
| 2023-111
| Frsm
|-
| [[Fluor-schorl]]
| NaFe<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>F
| 2010-067
| Fsrl
|-
| [[Fluor-tsilaisite]]
| NaMn<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>F
| 2012-044
| Ftl
|-
| [[Fluor-uvite]]
| CaMg<sub>3</sub>(Al<sub>5</sub>Mg)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>F
| - 1930 -
| Fluvt
|-
| [[Foitite]]
| ▢(Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>2</sub>Al)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| 1992-034
| Foi
|-
| [[Lucchesiite]]
| Ca(Fe<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2015-043
| Lcc
|-
| [[Magnesio-dutrowite]]
| Na(Mg<sub>2.5</sub>Ti<sub>0.5</sub>)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2023-015
| Mdtw
|-
| [[Magnesio-foitite]]
| ▢(Mg<sub>2</sub>Al)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| 1998-037
| Mfoi
|-
| [[Magnesio-lucchesite]]
| Ca(Mg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2019-025
| Mlcc
|-
| [[Maruyamaite]]
| K(MgAl<sub>2</sub>)(Al<sub>5</sub>Mg)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2013-123
| Mry
|-
| [[#Chemical composition|Olenite]]
| NaAl<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>OH
| 1985-006
| Ole
|-
| [[Oxy-chromium-dravite]]
| NaCr<sub>3</sub>(Mg<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>4</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2011-097
| Ocdrv
|-
| [[Oxy-dravite]]
| Na(Al<sub>2</sub>Mg)(Al<sub>5</sub>Mg)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2012-004
| Odrv
|-
| [[Oxy-foitite]]
| ▢(Fe<sup>2+</sup>Al<sub>2</sub>)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2016-069
| Ofoi
|-
| [[Oxy-schorl]]
| Na(Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>2</sub>Al)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2011-011
| Osrl
|-
| [[Oxy-vanadium-dravite]]
| NaV<sub>3</sub>(V<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 1999-050
| Ovdrv
|-
| [[Povondraite]]
| NaFe<sup>3+</sup><sub>3</sub>(Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 1979{{efn|Named 'ferridravite' in 1979; renamed to povondraite by the IMA in 1990}}
| Pov
|-
| [[Princivalleite]]
| Na(Mn<sub>2</sub>Al)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2020-056
| Pva
|-
| [[Rossmanite]]
| ▢(LiAl<sub>2</sub>)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| 1996-018
| Rsm
|-
| [[Schorl]]
| NaFe<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| - 1505 -
| Srl
|-
| [[Tsilaisite]]
| NaMn<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| 2011-047
| Tsl
|-
| [[Uvite]]
| CaMg<sub>3</sub>(Al<sub>5</sub>Mg)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH
| 2000-030
| Uvt
|-
| [[Vanadio-oxy-chromium-dravite]]
| NaV<sub>3</sub>(Cr<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2012-034
| Vocdrv
|-
| [[Vanadio-oxy-dravite]]
| NaV<sub>3</sub>(Al<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O
| 2012-074
| Vodrv
|}

{{notelist}}

Mineral species that were named before the IMA was founded in 1958 do not have an IMA number.
 
The IMA commission on new mineral names published a list of approved symbols for each mineral species in 2021.<ref>Warr, L.N. "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols." ''Mineralogical Magazine'', 2021, v. 85, p. 291–320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43.</ref>

A revised nomenclature for the tourmaline group was published in 2011.<ref>{{Cite journal |journal=American Mineralogist |volume=96 |pages=895–913 |year=2011 |title=Nomenclature of the tourmaline-supergroup minerals |author=Darrell J. Henry, Milan Novák, [[Frank C. Hawthorne]], Andreas Ertl, Barbara L. Dutrow, Pavel Uher, and Federico Pezzotta |issue=5–6 |doi=10.2138/am.2011.3636 |bibcode=2011AmMin..96..895H |s2cid=38696645 |url=http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/henry%20et%20al%202011%20tourmaline%20tomenclature.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326093327/http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/henry%20et%20al%202011%20tourmaline%20tomenclature.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-26 }}</ref><ref>Erratum: American Mineralogist (2013), Volume 98, page 524.</ref><ref>Frank C. Hawthorne and Dona M. Dirlam. "Tourmaline: Tourmaline the Indicator Mineral: From Atomic Arrangement to Viking Navigation." ''Elements'', October 2011, v. 7, p. (5): 307–312, doi:10.2113/gselements.7.5.307.</ref>