Editing Temple Newsam (section)

== Architecture ==
[[File:Temple Newsam entrance porch.jpg|alt=Photograph of entrance porch of Temple Newsam House, Leeds, showing at top the word 'FATHER', below a mullioned window, below a raised portico with coat of arms above a doorway flanked by two Ionic columns on each side.|thumb|Entrance Porch 17th century|left]]
[[File:Temple Newsam centre of west front.jpg|alt=Photograph of the west front of Temple Newsam|thumb|Centre of Temple Newsam west front]]
Remains of the early 16th century house were retained in the new building, including the brickwork and bay windows in the centre of the west front.<ref name=":1">{{cite book|last=Linstrum|first=Derek|title=Historic Architecture of Leeds|publisher=Oriel Press|year=1969|pages=16–17}}</ref> The plan of the new house was a conservative E-shape.<ref name=":1" /> The Long Gallery and entrance hall in the south wing followed [[Elizabethan]] and early [[Jacobean era|Jacobean]] styles.<ref name=":1" /> The entrance porch has Classical columns but they are of Flemish design, rather than following correct Italian design.<ref name=":1" /> There are Tudor doorways and timberwork in the cellars, which are largely Tudor in date.<ref name=":11">{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Steve|title=Tales from the Big House: Temple Newsam|publisher=Pen & Sword History|year=2017|pages=53}}</ref> Tudor features have also been discovered beneath later layers of decoration, including Lord Darcy's crest scratched into the plaster in the Blue Damask room.<ref name=":10">{{cite book|title=Temple Newsam House|publisher=The Libraries & Arts Committee of the Leeds Corporation|year=1951|pages=49}}</ref> An inventory of 1565 indicates that the hall, great chamber (later the dining room), gallery and chapel (later the kitchen) were probably where they are now.<ref name=":10" /> There is a Tudor doorway in the north wing which was probably the entrance to the original chapel.<ref name=":12">{{cite book|title=Temple Newsam House|publisher=The Libraries & Arts Committee of the Leeds Corporation|year=1951|pages=39}}</ref>

In the 17th century, the south and north wings were rebuilt and the east wing demolished, replaced by a low wall with an arched gateway, giving the house a fashionable 'half-H' appearance.<ref name=":11" /> It is possible that the man who made plans for the alteration was Bernard Dinninghof of York.<ref name=":12" /> There is also some resemblance to designs by [[Inigo Jones]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Steve|title=Tales from the Big House: Temple Newsam|publisher=Pen & Sword History|year=2017|pages=54}}</ref> Round the top of the house, letters appear in a balustrade, declaring the piety and loyalty of Sir Arthur Ingram: "All Glory And Praise Be Given To God The Father The Son And Holy Ghost On High Peace On Earth Good Will Towards Men Honour And True Allegiance To Our Gracious King Loving Affection Amongst His Subjects Health And Plenty Be Within This House"<ref name=":1" /> The chapel in the north wing retains some 17th century features, such as [[armorial]] [[stained glass]], probably by [[Henry Gyles]] and a carved wooden pulpit by Thomas Ventris, made around 1636, with geometric patterns, pilasters and friezes.<ref name=":1" /> The walls had panels of [[Old Testament]] figures, painted by John Carleton.<ref name=":1" /> An inventory dated 1667 records that the House had 66 rooms and 11 outhouses.<ref name=":11" /> An engraving by Kip and Knyff dated 1699 is an accurate representation of the house, showing the varying height of the house and some buildings that were later demolished, including the arched gateway flanked by two small lodges and a detached garden building dating from the mid-1670s.<ref name=":14">{{cite book|title=Temple Newsam House|publisher=The Libraries & Arts Committee of the Leeds Corporation|year=1951|pages=41}}</ref>
[[File:Sphinx gateway, Temple Newsam Park, Colton - geograph.org.uk - 263668.jpg|alt=Photograph of stone and brick Sphinx gate piers at Temple Newsam, c. 1760 by Lancelot Brown based on designs published by Lord Burlington in 1738 and used at Chiswick|thumb|Sphinx gate piers, {{circa|1760}}]]
[[File:Temple Newsam 2019-05-24 (2).jpg|alt=Photograph of the mid-18th century stable block at Temple Newsam showing the pediment|thumb|Stable Block at Temple Newsam, added by Henry, 7th Lord Irwin]]
In 1718, the steward of Temple Newsam suggested an underground service passage to link the north and south wings to the 5th Viscount, who agreed.<ref>{{cite book|title=Temple Newsam House|publisher=The Libraries & Arts Committee of the Leeds Corporation|year=1951|pages=30}}</ref> This tunnel linked the original kitchens in the south wing to the rest of the house.<ref name=":22">{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Steve|title=Tales from the Big House: Temple Newsam|publisher=Pen & Sword|year=2017|pages=83}}</ref> In 1738, Henry, 7th Viscount Irwin wrote to his mother describing the neglected state of the house with windows coming away and cracked brickwork.<ref name=":14" /> The house was almost entirely remodelled by Henry.<ref name=":1" /> He wanted to follow [[Palladian]] design and used craftsmen from [[York]] to do so.<ref name=":2">{{cite book|last=Linstrum|first=Derek|title=Historic Architecture of Leeds|publisher=Oriel Press|year=1969|pages=19}}</ref> He widened the gallery, improved the ceiling and windows and created additional rooms.<ref name=":14" /> The gallery, completed around 1746, has fine [[Rococo]] carvings with overmantle paintings of classical scenes by [[Antonio Joli]].<ref name=":23" /> There are also elaborate gilded Rococo ornamental candle holders.<ref name=":23" /> The gallery ceiling has detailed stucco work including a medallion of [[George I of Great Britain|George I]].<ref name=":23" /> The ceilings in the new Saloon and Library, made from the old Long Gallery, were decorated by Thomas Perritt and Joseph Rose.<ref name=":2" /> The doorcases are elaborately carved, probably by Richard Fisher.<ref name=":2" /> Two chimney pieces in the Saloon were based on designs by [[William Kent]].<ref name=":2" /> The distinctive [[sphinx]] gate piers by Lancelot Brown constructed in 1768 were based on designs published by [[Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington]] in 1738 and used at [[Chiswick House]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name="HE - house" /> The main rooms in the west wing were redecorated and the windows were replaced with sliding sash windows.<ref name=":2" /> A large pedimented stable block was built to the north of the house, in 1742 and probably designed by [[Daniel Garrett]], also in the [[Palladian style]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{NHLE |desc=STABLES AT TEMPLE NEWSAM, Non Civil Parish |num=1255954 |access-date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> A painting by Mercier of around 1749, also shows a planned block to the south and a low wall connecting the north and south wings which were never completed.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":16">{{cite web|title=Temple Newsam|url=https://thegardenstrust.blog/2016/04/30/temple-newsam/|access-date=18 July 2021|website=The Garden Trust|date=30 April 2016|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718093755/https://thegardenstrust.blog/2016/04/30/temple-newsam/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1796, Frances Shepheard employed a Mr Johnson to alter and reface the south wing in a style which tried to copy that of Sir Arthur Ingram's original house.<ref name=":2" /> Her approach was a departure from the designs for the wing commissioned by her dead husband from [[John Carr (architect)|John Carr]] and [[Robert Adam]], as well as the landscaping by [[Capability Brown]] who was also consulted about rebuilding the south wing.<ref name=":2" /> The wing was made two storeys high throughout with a suite of reception rooms on the ground floor with state bedchambers above.<ref name=":15" /> In the 1790s, the kitchens were moved to the north wing and the original kitchen became a brushing room where servants brushed down nobles returning from hunting parties.<ref name=":22" />

At the end of the 19th century, Emily Meynell-Ingram replaced the sash windows with stone mullions and leaded lights and rebuilt the north porch adding the Meynell-Ingram coat of arms over the doorway.<ref name=":15">{{cite book|title=Temple Newsam House|publisher=The Libraries & Arts Committee of the Leeds Corporation|year=1951|pages=45}}</ref> She redecorated several rooms and had the great oak staircase installed.<ref name=":15" /> The dining room, great staircase and Lord Darnley's room were remodelled in [[Elizabethan architecture|Elizabethan]] style.<ref name=":20" /> In 1877, Emily converted the library at the east end of the gallery into a chapel.<ref>{{cite book|title=Temple Newsam House|publisher=The Libraries & Arts Committee of the Leeds Corporation|year=1951|pages=53}}</ref>