Editing Telephus (section)

===Summary===
====Attacked by the Greeks====
[[File:Achilles fighting against Memnon Leiden Rijksmuseum voor Oudheden.jpg|thumb|left|[[Achilles]]; ancient Greek polychromatic [[Ancient Greek vase painting|pottery painting]] (dating to {{circa}} 300 BC)]]
Telephus was made the heir of Teuthras' kingdom of Teuthrania in Mysia, and eventually succeeded Teuthras as its king.<ref>Hesiod (Pseudo), ''[[Catalogue of Women]]'' fr. 165 (Merkelbach–West numbering) from the ''Oxyrhynchus Papyri'' XI 1359 fr. 1 (Most, pp. 184&ndash;187; Stewart, p. 110; Grenfell and Hunt, [https://archive.org/stream/oxyrhynchuspapyr11gren#page/52/mode/1up pp. 52&ndash;55]); [[Strabo]],  [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+12.8.4 12.8.4], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+13.1.69 13.1.69]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1 3.9.1].</ref> During Telephus' reign, in a prelude to the [[Trojan War]], the Greeks attacked Telephus' city mistaking it for [[Troy]].<ref>For a discussion of the expedition in Mysia and the wounding and healing of Telephus, see Hard, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA446 446]&ndash;[https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA447 447]; Gantz, pp. 576&ndash;580. Principal texts include: Proclus, [https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/epic-cycle-sb/ Summary of the ''Cypria''] = ''Cypria'' argument 7 West, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_cypria/2003/pb_LCL497.73.xml pp. 72, 73]; [[Archilochus]], [http://www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk/POxy/monster/demo/Page1.html POxy LXIX 4708]; Hesiod (Pseudo), ''[[Catalogue of Women]]'' fr. 165 (Merkelbach–West numbering) from the ''Oxyrhynchus Papyri'' XI 1359 fr. 1 (Most, pp. 184&ndash;187; Stewart, p. 110; Grenfell and Hunt, [https://archive.org/stream/oxyrhynchuspapyr11gren#page/52/mode/1up pp. 52&ndash;55]); [[Pindar]], ''Isthmean'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=I.:poem=5&highlight=telephus 5.38&ndash;40], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=I.:poem=8&highlight=telephus 8.49&ndash;50], ''Olympian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=O.:poem=9&highlight=telephus 9.72]; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' 101; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.17 E.3.17]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.4.6 1.4.6], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+9.5.14 9.5.14]. Although Archilochus, Proclus, Apollodorus, and Pausanias all agree that the attack was a mistake, [[Philostratus]], ''On Heroes'' 23.5&ndash;9, has a character doubt that the Greeks came to Mysia "in ignorance".</ref> Telephus routed the Greeks, killing [[Thersander]], son of [[Polynices]], and forcing the Greeks back to their ships.

But Telephus was tripped by a vine and wounded in the thigh by [[Achilles]]' spear. According to [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], and a [[scholiast]] on [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', Telephus was tripped while fleeing from Achilles' attack.<ref>Gantz, p. 579; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.17 E.3.17]; A scholia on ''[[Iliad]]'' 1.52 (cited by Gantz). According to [[Dictys Cretensis]], [http://www.theoi.com/Text/DictysCretensis2.html 2.3], Telephus is "doggedly pursuing" Odysseus when Achilles wounds him. In [[Philostratus]], ''On Heroes'', 23.24&ndash;25, a character says that, according to the dead Trojan War hero [[Protesilaos]] (who communicates from beyond the grave), Telephus was wounded by Achilles when Telephus had lost his shield while fighting [[Protesilaos]], and so was "unprotected".</ref> The scholiast says that [[Dionysus]] caused the vine to trip Telephus because Telephus had failed to properly honor him.<ref>Platter, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PXnLrRQnufgC&pg=PA148 p. 148]; Gantz, p. 579; Frazer's note to [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.17 E.3.17].</ref> Dionysus' involvement is attested by a late sixth-century or early fifth-century BC [[red-figure]] [[krater|calyx krater]].<ref>Gantz, pp. 579&ndash;580; Heres and Strauss, p, 866 ''[[Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae|LIMC]]'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-741f47cea62f4-b 8728 (Telephos 48)]; Beazley Archive [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/DC1084D4-6D5C-4FD5-BB6E-6A6970E60A4C 200122]; AVI [https://www.avi.unibas.ch/DB/searchform.html?ID=7656 7395].</ref> [[Philostratus]] and [[Dictys Cretensis]] give detailed elaborations of all these events.<ref>[[Philostratus]], ''On Heroes'', 23.2&ndash;30, [[Dictys Cretensis]], [http://www.theoi.com/Text/DictysCretensis2.html 2.1&ndash;6].</ref>

====Wound and healing====
The Mysians were victorious, and the Greeks returned home, but Telephus' wound would not heal. Telephus consulted the oracle of Apollo which gave the famous reply ''ὁ τρώσας ἰάσεται'' ("your assailant will heal you"). So Telephus went to [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]] to seek a cure, and was healed there by Achilles.<ref>Stewart, p. 114; Proclus, [https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/epic-cycle-sb/ Summary of the ''Cypria''] = ''Cypria'' argument 7 West, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_cypria/2003/pb_LCL497.73.xml pp. 72, 73]; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]''  101; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.20 E.3.20]; [[Dictys Cretensis]], [http://www.theoi.com/Text/DictysCretensis2.html 2.10]; [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/182/mode/2up 4.172&ndash;177]; [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/356/mode/2up 8.150&ndash;153]. For ''ὁ τρώσας ἰάσεται'', see Liddell & Scott, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=i)a/omai s.v. ἰάομαι]; [[Suetonius]], ''Divus Claudius'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:phi,1348,015:43 43].</ref> In return Telephus agreed to guide the Greeks to Troy.<ref>But compare with [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D68 1.71&ndash;72] where [[Calchas]] guides, the Greeks.</ref> Apollodorus and Hyginus tell us that rust scraped from Achilles' spear was the healing agent.<ref>See also [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]], ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL393.169.xml 25.42], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL394.237.xml 34.152], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL394.315.xml 35.71].</ref> The healing of Telephus was a frequent theme in [[Augustan literature (ancient Rome)|Augustan age]] and later Roman poetry.<ref>See for example: [[Horace]], ''[[Epodes (Horace)|Epodes]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/horace-epodes/2004/pb_LCL033.313.xml 17.8&ndash;10]; [[Propertius]], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/propertius-elegies/1990/pb_LCL018.107.xml 2.1.63&ndash;64]; [[Ovid]], ''[[Epistulae ex Ponto]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-ex_ponto/1924/pb_LCL151.325.xml 2.2.26], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-metamorphoses/1916/pb_LCL043.189.xml 12.111&ndash;112], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-metamorphoses/1916/pb_LCL043.241.xml 13.170&ndash;172], ''[[Tristia]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-tristia/1924/pb_LCL151.9.xml 1.1.99&ndash;100], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-tristia/1924/pb_LCL151.57.xml 2.19&ndash;20], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-tristia/1924/pb_LCL151.215.xml 5.2.15&ndash;16]; [[Pentadius (poet)|Pentadius]], ''De Fortuna'' [https://archive.org/stream/minorlatinpoetsw00duffuoft#page/546/mode/2up 29-30]; [[Seneca the Younger|Seneca]], ''[[Troades (Seneca)|Troades]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/tragedieswitheng01seneuoft#page/140 215&ndash;218]. Compare with [[William Shakespeare|Shakespear]]'s ''[[Henry VI, Part 2]]'' 5.1.100&ndash;101: "Whose smile and frown, like to Achilles' spear/Is able with the change to kill and cure".</ref> The ''Pharmacologia'' of [[John Ayrton Paris]] identifies [[verdigris]], which has medicinal properties, as the healing rust of the spear. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Paris |first=John Ayrton |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62958 |title=Pharmacologia |publisher=W. E. Dean |year=1831 |location=New York |pages=The rust of the spear of Telephus, mentioned in Homer as a cure for the wounds which that weapon inflicted, was probably Verdegris, and led to the discovery of its use as a surgical application}}</ref>