Editing Tbilisi (section)

===Mongol domination and other instability===
{{More citations needed section|date=December 2023}}
[[File:Tiflis - Angelino Dulcert - 1339.jpg|thumb|left|Detail from the Nautical chart by [[Angelino Dulcert]], depicting Georgian Black Sea coast and Tiflis, 1339]]
Tbilisi's "Golden Age" did not last for more than a century. In 1226, Tbilisi was captured by the [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Khwarezmian Empire]] under Shah [[Jalal al-Din Mangburni|Jalal al-Din]], who massacred tens of thousands of Christians.{{sfn|Mikaberidze|2015|p=19 }} The Khwarezmian occupation left Tbilisi's defenses severely devastated and prone to further attacks by Mongol armies.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Grousset |first1=René |title=The empire of the steppes: a history of Central Asia |last2=Grousset |first2=René |date=2008 |publisher=Rutgers Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-8135-1304-1 |edition=10. print |location=New Brunswick, NJ}}</ref> In 1236, after suffering crushing [[Mongol invasions of Georgia|Mongol defeats]], Georgia submitted to [[Kingdom of Georgia#Mongol yoke|Mongol domination]]. The nation itself maintained a form of "semi-independence" and did not lose its statehood, but Tbilisi would be strongly influenced by the Mongols for the next century, both politically and culturally. In the 1320s, the Mongols retreated from Georgia, and Tbilisi became the capital of an independent Georgian state, once again. However, an outbreak of the [[Black Death]] struck the city in 1366.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Suny |first=Ronald Grigor |title=The making of the Georgian nation |date=1994 |publisher=Indiana Univ. Pr. [u.a.] |isbn=978-0-253-35579-9 |edition=2. |series=Eurasian studies history |location=Bloomington, Ind.}}</ref>

Between the late 14th century and the late 18th century, Tbilisi would again be under the rule of various foreign powers. On several occasions, the city would even be completely burned and razed to the ground. In 1386, Tbilisi was [[Timur's invasions of Georgia|invaded and sacked several times]] by the armies of [[Timur|Tamerlane]]. In 1440, the city was [[Turkmen incursions into Georgia|invaded]] and destroyed by [[Jahan Shah]] (the Shah of the town of [[Tabriz]], [[Iran|Persia]]). From 1477 to 1478, the city was held by the [[Aq Qoyunlu|Ak Koyunlu]] tribesmen of [[Uzun Hasan|Uzun Hassan]].