Editing Symbiogenesis (section)

=== Mitochondria ===

[[File:Mitochondria, mammalian lung - TEM.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Endosymbiont|Internal symbiont]]: [[mitochondrion]] has a [[Matrix (biology)|matrix]] and membranes, like a free-living [[alphaproteobacteria]]l cell, from which it may derive.]]

Mitochondria are organelles that synthesize the energy-carrying molecule [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] for the cell by [[metabolism|metabolizing]] carbon-based [[macromolecule]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/mitochondria-14053590 |title=Mitochondria, Cell Energy, ATP Synthase: Learn Science at Scitable |website=www.nature.com |access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref> The presence of [[DNA]] in mitochondria and proteins, derived from [[Mitochondrial DNA|mtDNA]], suggest that this organelle may have been a [[prokaryote]] prior to its integration into the proto-[[eukaryote]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last=Gruber |first=A. |title=What's in a name? How organelles of endosymbiotic origin can be distinguished from endosymbionts |journal=Microbial Cell |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=123–133 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30740457 |pmc=6364258 |doi=10.15698/mic2019.02.668 }}</ref> Mitochondria are regarded as organelles rather than endosymbionts because mitochondria and the host cells share some parts of their [[genome]], undergo division simultaneously, and provide each other with means to produce energy.<ref name=":0"/> The [[endomembrane system]] and [[Nuclear envelope|nuclear membrane]] were hypothesized to have derived from the [[Proto-mitochondrion|protomitochondria]].<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Gould |first1=Sven B. |last2=Garg |first2=Sriram G. |last3=Martin |first3=William F. |title=Bacterial Vesicle Secretion and the Evolutionary Origin of the Eukaryotic Endomembrane System |journal=Trends in Microbiology |volume=24 |issue=7 |pages=525–534 |date=July 2016 |pmid=27040918 |doi=10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.005 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=William F.|last2=Garg |first2=Sriram |last3=Zimorski |first3=Verena |title=Endosymbiotic theories for eukaryote origin |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |volume=370 |issue=1678 |pages=20140330 |date=September 2015 |pmid=26323761 |pmc=4571569 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2014.0330 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Garavís |first1=Miguel |last2=González |first2=Carlos |last3=Villasante |first3=Alfredo |title=On the origin of the eukaryotic chromosome: the role of noncanonical DNA structures in telomere evolution |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=1142–50 |date=June 2013 |pmid=23699225 |pmc=3698924 |doi=10.1093/gbe/evt079 }}</ref>