Editing Subarctic climate (section)

==Distribution==
===''Dfc'' and ''Dfd'' distribution===
{{Anchor|Koppen_Dfc}}The ''Dfc'' climate, by far the most common subarctic type, is found in the following areas:<ref>[http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/wc.notes/15.climates.veg/climate/koppen.climate.class.west.hemi.jpg Geography of climate] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206154402/http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/wc.notes/15.climates.veg/climate/koppen.climate.class.west.hemi.jpg |date=2012-02-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/mpeel/koppen.html|title=Updated Köppen-Geiger Climate Map of the World|first1=M. C.|last1=Peel|first2=B. L.|last2=Finlayson|first3=T. A.|last3=McMahon|journal=[[Hydrology and Earth System Sciences]]|publisher=[[Copernicus Publications]]|access-date=23 October 2019|date=2007|doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007|doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[File:Kuysumy mountains and Torgashinsky range. View from viewing platform on Kashtakovskaya path (Stolby reserve, Krasnoyarsk city) 4Y1A8757 (28363120875).jpg|thumb|View of pines in the Kuysumy mountains in [[Siberia]]]]
*'''Eurasia'''
**The majority of [[Siberia]] (notable cities: [[Yakutsk]], [[Surgut]], [[Norilsk]], [[Magadan]])
**The [[Kamchatka Peninsula]] and the northern and central parts of the [[Kuril Islands]] and [[Sakhalin]] Island (notable cities: [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]])
**Northern [[European Russia]] (notable cities: [[Murmansk]], [[Arkhangelsk]], [[Vorkuta]])
**The northern half of [[Fennoscandia]] (milder winters in coastal areas) and higher elevations further south (notable cities: [[Oulu]], [[Umeå]], [[Tromsø]])
**The Western [[Alps]] between {{convert|1600.|and|2100.|m|ft|sp=us}}, and the Eastern Alps between {{convert|1450|and|1800.|m|ft|sp=us}}
**Central [[Romania]]
**Some parts of central [[Germany]] and [[Poland]]
**The [[Tatra Mountains]] in [[Poland]] and [[Slovakia]], above {{convert|800.|m|ft|sp=us}}.
**The [[Pyrenees]], between {{convert|1600.|and|2100.|m|ft|sp=us}}
**The [[Northeastern Anatolia Region]] and the [[Pontic Alps]], between {{convert|1600.|and|2100.|m|ft|sp=us}}{{Citation needed|reason=Not included in the referenced Köppen-Geiger Climate Map of the World by Murray Peel|date=October 2019}}
**Mountain summits in [[Scotland]], most notably in the [[Cairngorms National Park|Cairngorms]] and the [[Nevis Range]]{{Citation needed|reason=Not included in the referenced Köppen-Geiger Climate Map of the World by Murray Peel|date=October 2019}}
**The far northeast of Turkey
Further north and east in Siberia, continentality increases so much that winters can be exceptionally severe, averaging below {{convert|-38|°C}}, even though the hottest month still averages more than {{convert|10|°C}}. This creates ''Dfd'' climates, which are mostly found in the [[Sakha Republic]]:
*[[Northeast Siberian taiga]]
*[[Central Yakutian Lowland]] 
*[[Oymyakon]]
*[[Verkhoyansk]]

[[File:Subarctic Tundra.JPG|thumb|Subarctic climate in [[Alaska]], near [[Yukon]]]]
*'''North America'''
**Most of [[Alaska Interior|Interior]], [[Western Alaska|Western]] and [[Southcentral Alaska]] (notable cities and towns: [[Anchorage]], [[Wasilla]], [[Nome, Alaska|Nome]], [[Bethel, Alaska|Bethel]], [[Fort Yukon]])
**The high [[Rocky Mountains]] in [[Colorado]], [[Wyoming]], [[Idaho]], [[Utah]], [[Montana]] and the [[White Mountains (New Hampshire)|White Mountains]] of [[New Hampshire]] (notable locations: [[Fraser, Colorado|Fraser]], [[Brian Head, Utah|Brian Head]])
**Much of [[Canada]] from about [[53rd parallel north|53]]–[[55th parallel north|55°N]] to the [[tree line]], including:
***Southern [[Labrador]] (notable cities: [[Labrador City]])
***Certain areas within [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]] interior and along its northern coast
***[[Quebec]]: [[Jamésie]], [[Côte-Nord]] and far southern [[Nunavik]] (Notable locations: [[Inukjuak]], [[Kuujjuaq]], [[Sept-Îles, Quebec|Sept-Îles]])
***Far northern [[Ontario]]
***The northern [[Prairie Provinces]] (Notable locations: [[Fort McMurray]], [[Churchill, Manitoba|Churchill]])
***The [[Rocky Mountain Foothills]] in [[Alberta]] and [[British Columbia]]
***Most of the [[Yukon]] (Notable cities: [[Whitehorse]], [[Dawson City]])
***Most of the [[Northwest Territories]] (Notable cities: [[Yellowknife]], [[Inuvik]])
*** Southwestern [[Nunavut]] (Notable locations: [[Baker Lake, Nunavut|Baker Lake]], [[Rankin Inlet]])

In the [[Southern Hemisphere]], the ''Dfc'' climate is found only in small, isolated pockets in the [[Snowy Mountains]] of [[Australia]], the [[Southern Alps]] of [[New Zealand]], and the [[Lesotho Highlands]]. In [[South America]], this climate occurs on the western slope of the central [[Andes]] in [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]], where climatic conditions are notably more humid compared to the eastern slope. The presence of the Andes mountain range contributes to a wetter climate on the western slope by capturing moisture from the [[Pacific Ocean]], resulting in increased precipitation, especially during the winter months. This climate zone supports the presence of temperate rainforests, mostly on highest areas of the [[Valdivian temperate forests|Valdivian rainforest]] in Chile and the [[Magellanic subpolar forests|subantarctic forest]] in Argentina.

===''Dsc'' and ''Dsd'' distribution===
Climates classified as ''Dsc'' or ''Dsd'', with a dry summer, are rare, occurring in very small areas at high elevation around the [[Mediterranean Basin]]; [[Iran]]; [[Kyrgyzstan]]; [[Tajikistan]]; [[Alaska]] and other parts of the [[northwestern United States]] ([[Eastern Washington]], [[Eastern Oregon]], [[Southern Idaho]], California's [[Eastern Sierra]]); the [[Russian Far East]]; [[Akureyri, Iceland]]; [[Seneca, Oregon]]; and [[Atlin, British Columbia]]. [[Turkey]] and [[Afghanistan]] are exceptions; ''Dsc'' climates are common in [[Northeast Anatolia Region (statistical)|Northeast Anatolia]], in the [[Taurus Mountains|Taurus]] and [[Köroğlu Mountains]], and the [[Central Afghan highlands]].

In the Southern Hemisphere, the Dsc climate is present in [[South America]] as a subarctic climate influenced by Mediterranean characteristics, often considered a high-altitude variant of the Mediterranean climate. It is located on the eastern slopes of the central Argentine [[Andes]] and in some sections on the Chilean side. While there are no major settlements exhibiting this climate, several localities in the vicinity experience it, such as [[San Carlos de Bariloche]], [[Villa La Angostura]], [[San Martín de los Andes]], [[Balmaceda, Chile|Balmaceda]], [[Punta de Vacas]], and [[Termas del Flaco]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanchez Davila |first1=Gabriel |title=Clasificación climática de Sudamérica |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b74200791dda49958d6d39eddaca74a0/preview#n-KOOVnv |website=StoryMaps |publisher=ArcGIS |access-date=30 April 2024 |date=2021}}</ref>

===''Dwc'' and ''Dwd'' distribution===
{{Anchor|Koppen_Dwc}}
Climates classified as ''Dwc'' or ''Dwd'', with a dry winter, are found in parts of East Asia, like China, where the [[Siberian High]] makes the winters colder than places like Scandinavia or Alaska interior but extremely dry (typically with around {{convert|5|mm|in|sp=us}} of rainfall equivalent per month), meaning that winter snow cover is very limited. The ''Dwc'' climate can be found in:
*Much of northern [[Mongolia]]
*Russia:
**Most of [[Khabarovsk Krai]] except the south
**Southeastern [[Sakha Republic]]
**Southern [[Magadan Oblast]]
**Northern [[Amur Oblast]]
**Northern [[Republic of Buryatia|Buryatia]]
**[[Zabaykalsky Krai]]
**[[Irkutsk Oblast]]
*China:
**[[Tahe County]] and [[Mohe County]] in [[Heilongjiang]]
**Northern [[Hulunbuir]] in [[Inner Mongolia]]
**[[Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Gannan]] in [[Gansu]] (due to extreme elevation)
**[[Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Huangnan]], eastern [[Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Hainan]] and eastern [[Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Guoluo]] in [[Qinghai]] (due to extreme elevation)
**Most of [[Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Garzê]] and [[Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture|Ngawa Autonomous Prefectures]] (due to extreme elevation) in [[Sichuan]]
**Most of [[Qamdo Prefecture]] (due to extreme elevation) in the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]
*Parts of [[Ladakh]] (including [[Siachen Glacier]]) and [[Spiti Valley|Spiti]] regions of [[India]]{{Citation needed|reason=Not included in the referenced Köppen-Geiger Climate Map of the World by Murray Peel|date=October 2019}}
*Middle reaches of the [[Himalayas]] in [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[Myanmar]], and [[Northeast India]]. 
*Parts of [[Kaema Plateau]] (including [[Mount Baekdu]], [[Samjiyon]], [[Musan]]) in [[North Korea]]{{Citation needed|reason=Not included in the referenced Köppen-Geiger Climate Map of the World by Murray Peel|date=October 2019}}
*[[Southeast Fairbanks Census Area]] in [[Alaska]]

In the Southern Hemisphere, small pockets of the Lesotho Highlands and the [[Drakensberg Mountains]] have a ''Dwc'' classification.