Editing Stuttgart (section)

=== Kingdom of Württemberg and German Empire ===
King [[Frederick of Württemberg|Frederick I]]'s Württemberg was given high status in the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] among the College of Kings, and the lands of nearby secondary German states.<ref name="EBConfedRhine">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Confederation of the Rhine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confederation-of-the-Rhine |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |year=2009 |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015003601/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confederation-of-the-Rhine |url-status=live }}</ref> Within Stuttgart, the royal residence was expanded under Frederick although many of Stuttgart's most important buildings, including [[Wilhelm Palais|Wilhelm Palace]], Katharina Hospital, the [[Staatsgalerie Stuttgart|State Gallery]], the Villa Berg and the [[Königsbau]] were built under the reign of [[William I of Württemberg|King Wilhelm I]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=nid%3D119308282 |title=DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek |language=de |website=Portal.d-nb.de |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015002927/https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=nid%3D119308282 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1818. King Wilhelm I and [[Catherine Pavlovna of Russia|Queen Catherine]] in an attempt to assuage the suffering caused by the [[Year Without a Summer|Year Without Summer]] and following famine,<ref>{{cite web |title=Die Geschichte des Cannstatter Volksfestes |url=http://www.cannstatter-volksfestverein.de/seiten/volksfest/geschichte.html |publisher=Cannstatter Volkfest |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222832/http://www.cannstatter-volksfestverein.de/seiten/volksfest/geschichte.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> introduced the first [[Cannstatter Volksfest]] to celebrate the year's bountiful harvest.<ref name="StuttInfo"/><ref name="StadtHist"/> [[University of Hohenheim|Hohenheim University]] was founded in 1818,<ref>{{cite web |title=History: University of Hohenheim |url=https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/history |publisher=University of Hohenheim |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015003127/https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/history |url-status=live }}</ref> and two years later the [[Württemberg Mausoleum]] as completed on the hill where [[Wirtemberg Castle]] once stood.

From the outset of the 19th century, Stuttgart's development was once again impeded by its location (population of the city at the time was around 50,000),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/Veroeffentl/Statistische_Berichte/3121_07004.pdf |title=Statistical Reports of Baden-Württemberg |publisher=Statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de |date=6 October 2008 |access-date=14 October 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304044947/http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/Veroeffentl/Statistische_Berichte/3121_07004.pdf}}</ref> but the city began to experience the beginning of economic revival with the opening of the [[Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof|Main Station]] in 1846. Prior to then, the signs of rebirth in Stuttgart were evidenced by the construction of such buildings of [[Rosenstein Castle]] in 1822–1830, the [[Wilhelmspalais]] 1834–1840, and the foundations of the [[Staatsgalerie Stuttgart|Staatsgalerie]] in 1843, [[University of Stuttgart]] in 1829,<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.uni-stuttgart.de/en/university/profile/ |publisher=University of Stuttgart |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807151132/https://www.uni-stuttgart.de/en/university/profile/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart|University of Music and Performing Arts]] later, in 1857.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geschichte der Hochschule |url=https://www.hmdk-stuttgart.de/unsere-hochschule/geschichte-der-hochschule/ |publisher=Musikhochschule Stuttgart |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=19 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119035849/https://www.hmdk-stuttgart.de/unsere-hochschule/geschichte-der-hochschule/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Stuttgart had a role to play during the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the German states|revolution of 1848/1849]] as well. When internal divisions of the [[Frankfurt Parliament]] began the demise of that congress, the majority of the Frankfurt Congress voted to move to Stuttgart to flee the reach of the Prussian and Austrian armies in Frankfurt and [[Mainz]].{{sfn|Kitchen|2000|p=187}} Even though the Congress may have had contacts with revolutionaries in [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]] and [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]],{{sfn|Kitchen|2000|p=188}} the Congress, not popular with the content citizens of Stuttgart,{{sfn|Kitchen|2000|p=188}} were driven out by the King's army.{{sfn|Kitchen|2000|p=188}}

Stuttgart's literary tradition also bore yet more fruits, being the home of such writers of national importance as [[Wilhelm Hauff]], [[Ludwig Uhland]], [[Gustav Schwab]], and [[Eduard Mörike]].<ref name="GeschStutt3">{{cite web |title=Die Geschichte von Stuttgart: Die Moderne (ab 1800) |trans-title=History of Stuttgart: Modern Era (after 1800) |url=http://www.stuttgart-geschichte.de/history/moderne.html |work=Die Geschichte von Stuttgart |year=2008 |access-date=14 October 2018 |language=de |archive-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122181934/http://www.stuttgart-geschichte.de/history/moderne.html |url-status=live }}</ref> From 1841 to 1846, the Jubiläumssäule was erected on the [[Schlossplatz (Stuttgart)|Schlossplatz]] before the New Palace according to the plans of [[Johann Michael Knapp]] to celebrate the rule of King Wilhelm I.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jubiläumssäule |url=https://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/305802/1/dept/130664? |publisher=City of Stuttgart |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=1 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701193005/https://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/305802/1/dept/130664 |url-status=live }}</ref> A decade later, the [[Königsbau]] was constructed by Knapp and court architect [[Christian Friedrich von Leins]] as a concert hall.<ref>{{cite web |title=Königsbau |url=http://www.stuttgart-informationen.de/sehenswuerdigkeiten-stuttgart/Koenigsbau.html |publisher=Stuttgart Information |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=10 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810104336/http://www.stuttgart-informationen.de/sehenswuerdigkeiten-stuttgart/Koenigsbau.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Another milestone in Stuttgart's history was the running of the first rail line from Cannstatt to [[Untertürkheim]] on 22 October 1845. The advent of [[Industrialisation]] in Germany heralded a major growth of population for Stuttgart: In 1834, Stuttgart counted 35,200 inhabitants,<ref name="PopPDF">{{cite web |url=https://service.stuttgart.de/lhs-services/komunis/documents/8453_1.PDF |title=Historische Einwohnerzahlen der Stuttgarter Stadtbezirke und Stadtteile 1834 bis 1900 |language=de |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410112546/http://service.stuttgart.de/lhs-services/komunis/documents/8453_1.PDF |archive-date=10 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> rose to 50,000 in 1852, 69,084 inhabitants in 1864,<ref name="PopPDF"/> and finally 91,000 residents in 1871.<ref name="PopPDF"/> By 1874, Stuttgart once again exceeded the 100,000 inhabitant mark. This number doubled, due to the incorporation of local towns, to approximately 185,000 in 1901 and then 200,000 in 1904. In 1871, Württemberg joined the [[German Empire]] created by [[Otto von Bismarck]], [[Minister President of Prussia|Prime Minister of Prussia]], during the [[Unification of Germany]], as an autonomous kingdom.
[[File:Stadtweiterung Stuttgart.svg|thumb|Territorial expansion of Stuttgart from 1836 to 1942]]
Stuttgart is purported to be the location of the automobile's invention by [[Karl Benz]] and then industrialized by [[Gottlieb Daimler]] and [[Wilhelm Maybach]] in a small workshop in [[Bad Cannstatt]] that would become [[Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft]] in 1887.<ref name="Where Business Meets the Future">''Stuttgart – Where Business Meets the Future.'' CD issued by Stuttgart Town Hall, Department for Economic Development, 2005.</ref> As a result, it is considered to be the starting point of the worldwide [[automotive industry]] and is sometimes referred to as the 'cradle of the automobile',<ref name=Amondson/> and today [[Mercedes-Benz]] and [[Porsche]] both have their headquarters in Stuttgart, as well as automotive parts giants [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] and [[Mahle GmbH|Mahle]]. The year prior, [[Robert Bosch]] opened his first "Workshop for Precision Mechanics and Electrical Engineering" in Stuttgart. In 1907, the [[International Socialist Congress, Stuttgart 1907|International Socialist Congress]] was held in Stuttgart was attended by about 60,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lenin: The International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart (Proletary) |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1907/oct/20.htm |website=marxists.org |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715174552/https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1907/oct/20.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1912, [[VfB Stuttgart]] was founded.<ref name="GeschStutt3"/> Two years later, the current iteration of the [[Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof]] was completed according to plan by [[Paul Bonatz]] from 1914 to 1927.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hauptbahnhof Stuttgart |url=https://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/137990/1 |publisher=City of Stuttgart |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=19 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019003906/http://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/137990/1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

During [[World War I]], the city was a target of air raids. In 1915, 29 bombs struck the city and the nearby Rotebühlkaserne, killing four soldiers and injuring another 43, and likewise killing four civilians. The next major air raid on Stuttgart occurred 15 September 1918, when structural damage caused house collapses that killed eleven people.{{sfn|Dunkel|2014|pp=132–135}}