Editing Sterilization (medicine) (section)

===Physical===
Understanding the physical effects of sterilization is important because it is a common method of contraception. Among women who had interval [[Tubal ligation|tubal sterilization]], studies have shown a null or positive effect on female sexual interest and pleasure.<ref name="The Effect of Interval Tubal Sterilization">Costello, Caroline et al. 2002. "The Effect of Interval Tubal Sterilization on Sexual Interest and Pleasure". ''The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists''. 100(3): 511–517.</ref> Similar results were discovered for men who had vasectomies. [[Vasectomy|Vasectomies]] did not negatively influence the satisfaction of men, and there was no significant change in communication and marital satisfaction among couples as a result.<ref name="The Influence of a Vasectomy">Hofmeyr, Doreen G. and Abraham P. Greeff. 2002. "The Influence of a Vasectomy on the Marital Relationship and Sexual Satisfaction of the Married Man". ''Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy''. 28:339–351.</ref> According to ''[[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine|Johns Hopkins Medicine]]'', tubal sterilizations result in serious problems in less than 1 out of 1000 women. Tubal sterilization is an effective procedure, but pregnancy can still occur in about 1 out of 200 women. Some potential risks of tubal sterilization include "bleeding from a skin incision or inside the abdomen, infection, damage to other organs inside the abdomen, side effects from anesthesia, [[ectopic pregnancy]] (an egg that becomes fertilized outside the uterus), [and] incomplete closing of a fallopian tube that results in pregnancy."<ref name="Tubal Ligation">"Tubal Ligation". Johns Hopkins Medicine.</ref> Potential risks of [[Vasectomy|vasectomies]] include "pain continuing long after surgery, bleeding and bruising, a (usually mild) inflammatory reaction to sperm that spill during surgery called sperm granuloma, [and] infection." Additionally, the [[vas deferens]], the part of the male anatomy that transports sperm, may grow back together, which could result in unintended pregnancy.<ref name="Vasectomy">"Vasectomy". Johns Hopkins Medicine.</ref>