Editing Spinning wheel (section)

===Treadle wheel===
[[File:WHEELPARTS.jpg|thumb|Parts of a treadle wheel: A - Wheel, B - Drive band, C - Flyer assembly, D - Maiden, E - Bearings, F - Tension Screw, G - Treadle, H - Footman, I - Treadle connection, J - Treadle bar, K - Table, L - Distaff]]

This type of wheel is powered by the spinner's foot rather than their hand or a motor. The spinner sits and pumps a foot treadle that turns the drive wheel via a crankshaft and a connecting rod. This leaves both hands free for drafting the fibres, which is necessary in the [[short draw (spinning)|short draw]] spinning technique, which is often used on this type of wheel. The old-fashioned pointed driven spindle is not a common feature of the treadle wheel. Instead, most modern wheels employ a flyer-and-bobbin system which twists the yarn and winds it onto a spool simultaneously. These wheels can be single- or double-treadle; which is a matter of personal preference and ergonomics and does not materially affect the operation of the wheel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buying Guide - Spinning Wheels |url=https://www.weftblown.com/pages/buying-guide-spinning-wheels |website=Weft Blown |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>

====Double drive====
[[File:Double drive wheel.JPG|thumb|left|A double drive wheel]]

The double drive wheel is named after its drive band, which goes around the spinning wheel twice. The drive band turns the flyer, which is the horse-shoe shaped piece of wood surrounding the [[bobbin]], as well as the bobbin. Due to a difference in the size of the whorls (the round pieces or pulleys around which the drive band runs) the bobbin whorl, which has a smaller radius than the flyer whorl, turns slightly faster. Thus both the flyer and bobbin rotate to twist the yarn, and the difference in speed winds the yarn onto the bobbin when the spinner lets up tension on the newly spun yarn, and spins the bobbin and flyer together to add spin to the yarn when the spinner keeps the new yarn under tension (in this case, the drive band will slip slightly in the groove in the bobbin, flyer whorl, or both).  Generally the speed difference or "ratio" is adjusted by the size of the whorls and the tension of the drive band.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-03 |title=Let's Talk About Tension |url=https://schachtspindle.com/lets-talk-about-tension/ |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Schacht Spindle Company |language=en-US}}</ref>

The drive band on the double drive wheel is generally made from a non-stretch cotton or hemp yarn or twine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-17 |title=Spinning Wheel Basics: Know Your Drive Band |url=https://spinoffmagazine.com/drive-band-basics-for-antique-wheels/ |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=SpinOff Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

====Single drive====
[[File:Spinningwheel.JPG|thumb|right|A single-drive wheel with the drive band around flyer and brake on the bobbin]]

A single drive wheel set up in Scotch tension has one drive band connecting the drive wheel to the flyer. The spinning drive wheel turns the flyer and, via friction with the flyer shaft, the bobbin. A short tension band, or brake band, adds drag to the bobbin such that when the spinner loosens their tension on the newly spun yarn, the bobbin and flyer spin relative to each other and the yarn is wound onto the bobbin. A tighter tension band increases relative torque and 'pulls' the yarn onto the bobbin more forcefully; a looser tension band 'pulls' the yarn more gently. Generally, the tension band is tighter for spinning thicker yarn or yarn with less twist, and looser for spinning thinner yarn or yarn with more twist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-03 |title=Let's Talk About Tension |url=https://schachtspindle.com/lets-talk-about-tension/ |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Schacht Spindle Company |language=en-US}}</ref>

For a single drive wheel set up in Irish tension, or 'bobbin lead', the drive band drives the bobbin and the tension band brakes the flyer. Some wheels can be set up in either single drive configuration, others only one. Additionally some wheels can be set up either in double drive or single drive.<ref>{{cite web |title=One Schacht - Three Wheels |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-adm356HrZA |website=YouTube |access-date=18 February 2024}}</ref>

====Upright style====
[[File:Kolovrátek.JPG|thumb|left|160px|An upright wheel, also known as the castle wheel]]

When the spindle or flyer is located above the wheel, rather than off to one side, the wheel is called an upright wheel or castle wheel. This type of wheel is often more compact, thus easier to store and transport. Some upright wheels are even made to fold up small enough that they fit in carry-on luggage at the airport. An Irish castle wheel is a type of upright in which the flyer is located below the drive wheel.<ref>{{cite web |title="Irish Castle" flax spinning wheel |url=https://www.si.edu/object/nmah_640666 |website=Smithsonian |publisher=National Museum of American History |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>

====Electric spinning wheel====
[[File:An electric spinning wheel.jpg|thumb|right|160px|A purple and black tabletop electric spinning wheel, or espinner. An electric motor in the base drives the flyer.]]

An electric spinning wheels, or e-spinner, is powered by an electric motor rather than via a treadle. Some require mains power while others may be powered by a low-voltage source, such as a rechargeable battery.  Most e-spinners are smaller, more portable, and quieter than treadle wheels. One of the attractions of an e-spinner is that it is not necessary to coordinate treadling with handling the fibre (drafting), so it can be easier to learn to spin on an e-spinner than a traditional treadle-style spinning wheel.  E-spinners are also suitable for spinners who have trouble treadling or keeping their treadling speed consistent.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Traditional Spinner Goes Electric |url=https://spinoffmagazine.com/a-traditional-spinner-goes-electric/ |website=Spin Off Magazine |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>

====Friction drive====
[[File:HitchHiker friction-drive spinning wheel.jpg|thumb|left|160px|A side view of a compact friction drive wheel (Merlin Tree HitchHiker). The flyer is on the upper right.]]
This type of treadle-driven wheel does not use a drive band; instead the flyer is directly friction-driven via a rubber ring in contact at a right angle to the flat surface of a solid drive wheel. One example from New Zealand dates to 1918,<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Boulter  |first1=Lynne  |last2=Knox |first2=Mary |date= September 2016|title="World War One Friction Drive Wheel – Found!" |magazine=Creative Fibre Magazine |publisher=The New Zealand Spinning, Weaving and Woolcrafts Society Inc.}}</ref> and a very few other models using this drive method have been manufactured since 1970. These wheels are extremely compact and less fouled by outdoor dirt than drive-band wheels, but they are quite uncommon.<ref>{{cite web |title=s40 suitcase spinning wheel |url=https://www.louet.nl/historie/s40-suitcase-spinning-wheel/?lang=en&v=06fa567b72d7 |website=Louet |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=the roadbug. |url=https://welfordpurls.com/2015/08/17/the-roadbug/ |website=Wool n' Spinning |date=17 August 2015 |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Main |url=https://www.pocket-wheel.com/home |website=Home of the Original Pocket Wheel |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>