Editing Somali Armed Forces (section)

=== Creation of Federal Government ===
The [[Federal Government of Somalia]] was established in August/September 2012. On 6 March 2013, [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 2093]] was passed. The resolution lifted the purchase ban on light weapons for a provisional period of one year, but retained restrictions on the procurement of heavy arms such as surface-to-air missiles and [[artillery]].<ref name="Aueoaefs">{{cite news |title=UN eases oldest arms embargo for Somalia |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/un-eases-oldest-arms-embargo-for-somalia/story-fn3dxix6-1226592031840 |access-date=6 March 2013 |agency=Australian Associated Press |date=6 March 2013}}</ref>

On 13 March 2013, [[Dahir Adan Elmi]] was appointed Chief of Army at a transfer ceremony in Mogadishu, where he replaced [[Abdulkadir Sheikh Dini]]. [[Abdirizak Khalif Elmi]] was appointed as Elmi's new Deputy Chief of Army.<ref>Shabelle.net, {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130317165824/http://shabelle.net/somalia-changes-its-top-military-commanders/ Somalia changes its top military commanders]}}</ref>

In August 2013, Federal Government of Somalia officials and [[Jubaland]] regional representatives signed an agreement in [[Addis Ababa]]. All Jubaland security personnel (principally the [[Ras Kamboni Brigades]]) would be integrated into the Somali National Army.<ref name="Sjgraibtie">{{cite news |title=Somalia: Jubaland gains recognition after intense bilateral talks in Ethiopia |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Jubaland_gains_recognition_after_intense_bilateral_talks_in_Ethiopia_printer.shtml |access-date=23 December 2014 |newspaper=Garowe Online |date=28 August 2013 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012043444/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Jubaland_gains_recognition_after_intense_bilateral_talks_in_Ethiopia_printer.shtml |archive-date=12 October 2013}}</ref> This did not occur. No SNA force was established in the Juba Valley area until July 2015.{{sfn|Robinson|2016|page=245}}{{sfn|Robinson|2019|page=215}}

In November 2013, the [[United Nations Support Office for AMISOM]] (UNSOA) was directed to support the SNA. They were to better supply a force of 10,900 Somalis to participate in joint operations with AMISOM against al-Shabaab.<ref>{{cite web |title=Support to Somali National Army (SNA) |url=http://unsoa.unmissions.org/support-somali-national-army-sna |website=UNSOA |access-date=23 January 2016 |date=24 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203035000/http://unsoa.unmissions.org/support-somali-national-army-sna |archive-date=3 February 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref> SNA personnel would initially be trained by AMISOM. When specific UN requirements were passed, including Human Rights and Due Diligence training, approved SNA personnel would begin to receive food, shelter, fuel, water and medical support.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolution 2124 |url=http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/2124 |website=unscr.com |access-date=23 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Briefing to the UN Security Council by Ambassador Nicholas Kay, Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) for Somalia, 11 March 2014 |url=http://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/briefing-un-security-council-ambassador-nicholas-kay-special-representative-secretary |website=ReliefWeb |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130120751/http://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/briefing-un-security-council-ambassador-nicholas-kay-special-representative-secretary |archive-date=30 January 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
[[File:DHAGAXTUUR MONUMENT MOGADISHU SOMALIA.jpg|thumb|Tomb of The Unknown Soldier (Flag hasn't been repainted) circa 2018]]
In February 2014, EUTM Somalia began its first "Train the Trainers" programme at the Jazeera Training Camp in Mogadishu. 60 Somali National Army soldiers that had been previously trained by EUTM in Uganda would take part in a four-week refresher course on infantry techniques and procedures, including international humanitarian law and military ethics. The training would be conducted by 16 EU trainers. Following the course's completion, the Somali soldiers would be qualified as instructors to then train SNA recruits, with mentoring provided by EUTM Somalia personnel.<ref name="Essitaim">{{cite web |title=EUTM Somalia starts its training activities in Mogadishu |url=http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2014/250214_eutm_somalia_en.htm |publisher=EUTM Somalia |access-date=21 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719065928/http://www.eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2014/250214_eutm_somalia_en.htm |archive-date=19 July 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> A team of EUTM Somalia advisors also started offering strategic advice to the Somali Ministry of Defence and General Staff. 

In early March 2014, Somali security forces and AMISOM troops launched another operation against Al-Shabaab.<ref name="Gsfgatcwa">{{cite news |title=Somalia: Federal Govt, AMISOM troops clash with Al Shabaab |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Federal-Govt-AMISOM-troops-clash-with-Al-Shabaab_printer.shtml |access-date=11 March 2014 |newspaper=Garowe Online |date=11 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311152532/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Federal-Govt-AMISOM-troops-clash-with-Al-Shabaab_printer.shtml |archive-date=11 March 2014}}</ref> According to Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed, the government subsequently launched stabilization efforts in the newly liberated areas, which included [[Rab Dhuure]], [[Hudur]], [[Wajid, Somalia|Wajid]] and [[Burdhubo]]. However, there were continuing concerns that not enough was being done to revitalise and secure the newly liberated areas. By 26 March, ten towns within the month had been liberated, including [[Qoryoley]] and [[El Buur]].<ref name="Rstcqcftotlbahs">{{cite news |title=SOMALIA: The capture of Qoryooley is critical for the operations to liberate Barawe, Amisom head says |url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/03/somalia-the-capture-of-qoryooley-is-critical-for-the-operations-to-liberate-baraawe-amisom-head-says/ |access-date=23 March 2014 |newspaper=Raxanreeb |date=22 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322224357/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/03/somalia-the-capture-of-qoryooley-is-critical-for-the-operations-to-liberate-baraawe-amisom-head-says/ |archive-date=22 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="Rsetffsaaa">{{cite news |title=SOMALIA: Elbur town falls for Somali Army and Amisom |url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/03/somalia-elbur-town-falls-for-somali-army-and-amisom/ |access-date=26 March 2014 |newspaper=Raxanreeb |date=26 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326180630/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/03/somalia-elbur-town-falls-for-somali-army-and-amisom/ |archive-date=26 March 2014}}</ref> UN Special Representative for Somalia [[Nicholas Kay]] described the military advance as the most significant and geographically extensive offensive since AU troops began operations in 2007.<ref name="Satcioksb">{{cite news |title=Somalia, AU troops close in on key Shebab base |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140322/somalia-au-troops-close-key-shebab-base |access-date=23 March 2014 |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=22 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323131259/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140322/somalia-au-troops-close-key-shebab-base |archive-date=23 March 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In July 2014, the governments of the United States and France announced that they would start providing training to the SNA.<ref name="Uafattsna">{{cite news |title=US and France agrees to train Somali National army |url=http://buraannews.com/articles/2827/Somalia-Buraan-Radio-US-and-France-agrees-to-train-Somali-National-army |access-date=11 July 2014 |publisher=Buraan News |date=11 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714193256/http://buraannews.com/articles/2827/Somalia-Buraan-Radio-US-and-France-agrees-to-train-Somali-National-army |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> According to U.S. Defense Department officials, American military advisers are also stationed in Somalia.<ref name="Utscfa">{{cite news |last1=Dan Joseph |first1=Harun Maruf |title=US-Trained Somali Commandos Fight Al-Shabab |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-trained-somali-commandos-fight-against-al-shabab/1968832.html |access-date=1 August 2014 |agency=VOA |date=31 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803194827/http://www.voanews.com/content/us-trained-somali-commandos-fight-against-al-shabab/1968832.html |archive-date=3 August 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In August 2014, the Somali government launched [[Operation Indian Ocean]].<ref name="Spsgdncfmaep">{{cite news |title=SOMALIA: President says Godane is dead, now is the chance for the members of al-Shabaab to embrace peace |url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/09/somalia-president-says-godane-is-dead-now-is-the-chance-for-the-members-of-al-shabaab-to-embrace-peace/ |access-date=6 September 2014 |agency=Raxanreeb |date=5 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906202740/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/09/somalia-president-says-godane-is-dead-now-is-the-chance-for-the-members-of-al-shabaab-to-embrace-peace/ |archive-date=6 September 2014}}</ref> On 1 September 2014, a U.S. drone strike killed Al-Shabaab leader [[Moktar Ali Zubeyr]].<ref name="Pcdostl">{{cite news |title=Pentagon Confirms Death of Somalia Terror Leader |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/292/pentagon-confirms-death-of-somalia-terror-leader |access-date=6 September 2014 |agency=Associated Press |date=5 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906202437/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/292/pentagon-confirms-death-of-somalia-terror-leader |archive-date=6 September 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> U.S. authorities hailed the raid as a major symbolic and operational loss for Al-Shabaab, and the Somali government offered a 45-day amnesty to all moderate members of the militant group.<ref name="Ucdostgl">{{cite news |title=US confirms death of Somalia terror group leader |url=http://www.wsvn.com/story/26458182/pentagon-confirms-death-of-somalia-terror-leader |access-date=6 September 2014 |agency=Associated Press |date=5 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906201659/http://www.wsvn.com/story/26458182/pentagon-confirms-death-of-somalia-terror-leader |archive-date=6 September 2014}}</ref>

In September 2014, 20 Somali federal soldiers began training courses in Djibouti.<ref name="Gdttfgf">{{cite news |title=Djibouti to train federal government forces |url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=4018 |access-date=23 December 2014 |newspaper=Goobjoog |date=17 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224182530/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=4018 |archive-date=24 December 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In October 2014, Federal Government officials signed an agreement with Puntland, which said that the Federal and Puntland authorities would work to form an integrated national army.<ref name="Spcdwfg">{{cite news |title=Somalia: Puntland clinches deal with Federal Govt |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/610/somalia-puntland-clinches-deal-with-federal-govt |access-date=23 December 2014 |agency=Garowe Online |date=14 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210200452/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/610/somalia-puntland-clinches-deal-with-federal-govt |archive-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In April 2015, another bilateral treaty stipulated that Puntland would contribute 3,000 troops to the Somali National Army.<ref name="Sptctstnaads">{{cite news |title=Somalia: Puntland to contribute 3000 soldiers to Nat'l Army, another deal signed |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2282/somalia-puntland-to-contribute-3000-soldiers-to-natl-army-another-deal-signed |access-date=13 April 2015 |agency=Garowe Online |date=12 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104204/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2282/somalia-puntland-to-contribute-3000-soldiers-to-natl-army-another-deal-signed |archive-date=11 August 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> This did not occur, and FGS forces and Puntland forces remain separate.

In March 2015, the [[Cabinet of Somalia|Federal Cabinet]] agreed to establish a new commission to nationalize and integrate security forces.<ref name="Scmafmctwt">{{cite news |title=Somali Cabinet Ministers agree financial management committee to work temporarily |url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=11985 |access-date=30 March 2015 |agency=Goobjoog |date=19 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111223/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=11985 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In April 2015, the Commission on Regional Militia Integration presented its plan for the formal integration of regional forces.<ref name="Urotsgosmtf" />

In 2016 ''[[The Economist]]'' reported that the SNA did not exist as a cohesive force due to high rates of desertions and many soldiers being primarily loyal to clan leaders rather than the government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Most-failed state |url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21706522-twenty-five-years-chaos-horn-africa-most-failed-state |access-date=14 September 2016 |newspaper=The Economist |date=10 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914035422/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21706522-twenty-five-years-chaos-horn-africa-most-failed-state |archive-date=14 September 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref>